Complicaciones neonatales del expulsivo prolongado en partos eutócicos atendidos en mujeres de edad fértil
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
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En el mundo fallecieron 2,6 millones de niños en su primer mes de vida, la mortalidad neonatal es de 14.3 por cada 1.000 nacidos vivos. El objetivo es determinar las principales complicaciones neonatales del periodo expulsivo prolongado en partos eutócicos atendidos en mujeres de edad fértil del Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil. Para esto realizó un estudio analítico, casos y controles, retrospectivo y de corte transversal; con una población de 390 gestantes que acudieron a la atención del parto y una muestra final de 47 casos con expulsivo prolongado durante el trabajo de parto. Se aplicó el análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. En conclusión las gestantes presentaron expulsivo prolongado del 12.05%, en el periodo expulsivo prolongado los neonatos presentaron caput succedaneum del 42.55%, taquipnea transitoria 21.27% y cefalohematoma, 17.2%, asfixia perinatal se encontraron 5 casos (11.63%), y por último fractura de clavícula con 3 casos (6.38%). Según las posiciones en partos eutócicos relacionadas al periodo expulsivo prolongado se obtuvo un índice mayor de porcentaje de pacientes que optaron por posición litotómica con una frecuencia de 31 casos (65.95%) por lo cual podemos concluir que esta puede ser una posición no apta para disminuir la frecuencia de expulsivos prolongados.
In the world 2.6 million children died in its first month of life. Neonatal mortality is 14.3 per 1,000 live births. The objective is to determine the main neonatal complications of the prolonged expulsive period in eutocic deliveries attended in women of childbearing age of the University Hospital of Guayaquil. An analytical study was carried out, cases and controls, retrospective and crosssectional; with a population of 390 pregnant women who attended the delivery and a final sample of 47 cases with prolonged expulsive during labor; having as source the clinical histories of the mother. The descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was applied. In conclusion the pregnant women presented prolonged expulsive of 12.05%, in the prolonged expulsive period the neonates presented caput succedaneum of 42.55%, transient tachypnea 21.27% and cephalohematoma, 17.2%, perinatal asphyxia were found 5 cases (11.63%), and finally fracture of clavicle with 3 cases (6.38%). According to the positions in eutocic deliveries related to the prolonged expulsive period, a higher rate of percentage of patients who chose lithotomic position with a frequency of 31 cases (65.95%) was obtained, so we can conclude that this may be a position unfit to decrease the frequency of prolonged expulsives.
In the world 2.6 million children died in its first month of life. Neonatal mortality is 14.3 per 1,000 live births. The objective is to determine the main neonatal complications of the prolonged expulsive period in eutocic deliveries attended in women of childbearing age of the University Hospital of Guayaquil. An analytical study was carried out, cases and controls, retrospective and crosssectional; with a population of 390 pregnant women who attended the delivery and a final sample of 47 cases with prolonged expulsive during labor; having as source the clinical histories of the mother. The descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was applied. In conclusion the pregnant women presented prolonged expulsive of 12.05%, in the prolonged expulsive period the neonates presented caput succedaneum of 42.55%, transient tachypnea 21.27% and cephalohematoma, 17.2%, perinatal asphyxia were found 5 cases (11.63%), and finally fracture of clavicle with 3 cases (6.38%). According to the positions in eutocic deliveries related to the prolonged expulsive period, a higher rate of percentage of patients who chose lithotomic position with a frequency of 31 cases (65.95%) was obtained, so we can conclude that this may be a position unfit to decrease the frequency of prolonged expulsives.
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Complicaciones neonatales, Parto eutócico, Epidemiología descriptiva, Epidemiología analítica, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Edad fértil