Efectos y consecuencias maternas perinatales del consumo de cocaína durante el embarazo en adolescentes atendidas en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
el problema de las drogas se ha convertido en objeto de alarma y preocupación en los
diferentes ámbitos, ya que este tiene un carácter universal que afecta a muchos individuos,
que en particular a la juventud de hoy en día y más aún en adolescentes embarazadas que
consumen drogas como es la cocaína.
Se busca determinar los efectos y consecuencias del uso de la cocaína que ocasiona sobre la
madre y el feto especialmente en pacientes vulnerables como son las adolescentes de 14 a 19
años.
Los datos recolectados pertenecen al Hospital General Guasmo Sur en cual se obtuvieron de
las áreas de consulta externa, emergencia, hospitalización, centro obstétrico dando un universo
de 103 pacientes adolescente que consumieron drogas durante el periodo de gestación,
reportando un muestreo de 51 pacientes.
Según los resultados obtenidos los efectos y las consecuencias de más prevalencia durante el
primer trimestre resulto que era la amenaza de aborto con un 46% y durante el tercer trimestre
resulto que 27% se produjo sufrimiento fetal.
El consumo materno de drogas durante el embarazo puede provocar alteraciones en cuanto al
desarrollo normal del embarazo, del feto, del parto y el neonato, ya que la mayor parte de las
drogas cruzan la barrera placentaria y de esta forma se ocasionan las complicaciones.
The problem of drugs has become an object of alarm and concern in different areas, since it has a universal character that affects many individuals, particularly today's youth, being the specific case for this study focusing more so in pregnant teenagers who use drugs such as cocaine. The aim is to determine the effects and consequences of the use of cocaine that it causes on the mother and the fetus, especially in vulnerable patients such as adolescents between 14 and 19 years old. The data collected belong to the Guasmo Sur General Hospital, which was obtained from the areas of external consultation, emergency, hospitalization, obstetric center, giving a universe of 103 adolescent patients who used drugs during the gestation period, reporting a sample of 51 patients. According to the results obtained, the most prevalent effects and consequences during the first trimester resulted in the threat of abortion with 46% and during the third quarter, 27% resulted in fetal distress. Maternal drug use during pregnancy can cause alterations in the normal development of pregnancy, the fetus, delivery and the newborn, since most drugs cross the placental barrier and thus complications occur.
The problem of drugs has become an object of alarm and concern in different areas, since it has a universal character that affects many individuals, particularly today's youth, being the specific case for this study focusing more so in pregnant teenagers who use drugs such as cocaine. The aim is to determine the effects and consequences of the use of cocaine that it causes on the mother and the fetus, especially in vulnerable patients such as adolescents between 14 and 19 years old. The data collected belong to the Guasmo Sur General Hospital, which was obtained from the areas of external consultation, emergency, hospitalization, obstetric center, giving a universe of 103 adolescent patients who used drugs during the gestation period, reporting a sample of 51 patients. According to the results obtained, the most prevalent effects and consequences during the first trimester resulted in the threat of abortion with 46% and during the third quarter, 27% resulted in fetal distress. Maternal drug use during pregnancy can cause alterations in the normal development of pregnancy, the fetus, delivery and the newborn, since most drugs cross the placental barrier and thus complications occur.
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Palabras clave
Complicaciones del embarazo, Embarazo en adolescencia, Consumo de drogas, Recién nacido, Hospital General Guasmo Sur, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Cocaína