Complicaciones inmediatas de la episiotomía en nulíparas atendidas en el Hospital Materno Infantil Matilde Hidalgo de Procel durante el período de agosto 2018
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
Este trabajo de investigación se realizó con el objetivo de determinar las
complicaciones inmediatas que se presentan con el uso sistemático y el no uso de la
episiotomía en gestantes nulíparas atendidas en el Hospital Materno Infantil Matilde
Hidalgo de Procel. Se trabajó con una muestra de 150 mujeres primigestas, obteniendo
información en una ficha de recolección en el programa estadístico de Excel.
Se ordenaron dos grupos de pacientes nulíparas, un grupo de mujeres a las cuales
se les realizo episiotomía y otro grupo a las que no se les realizo dicho procedimiento,
se obtuvieron como resultado: 76% de nulíparas se realizó episiotomía y el 24% no se
realizó.
Con relación a la edad el mayor porcentaje fueron mujeres de 16 a 19 años de edad,
las cuales presentaron mayor probabilidad de realizar episiotomía.
Las complicaciones que se presentaron en los dos grupos son los desgarros, en las
pacientes sin episiotomía presentaron desgarros de primer y segundo grado,
laceraciones mínimas en un 20% y las pacientes con episiotomía presentaron
desgarros II y hasta III grado, edema 20% y dolor en el 52%, otras de las
complicaciones fue el dolor mostrándose que las mujeres episiotomizadas presentan
dolor siendo más intenso que en aquellas mujeres que no se realizaron.
Concluyendo que lo más importante es evitar el uso de episiotomía innecesaria para
así prevenir posibles complicaciones, ya que el uso de esta práctica produce en la
mujer una serie de signos y síntomas que afectan a su vida diaria.
This research work was carried out with the objective of determining the immediate complications that arise with the systematic use and non-use of episiotomy in nulliparous pregnant women attended at the Matilde Hidalgo Maternity Hospital of Procel. We worked with a sample of 150 women, obtaining information in a collection form in the Excel statistical program. Two groups of nulliparous patients were ordered, a group of women who underwent an episiotomy and another group who did not undergo this procedure, were obtained as a result: 76% of nulliparous women underwent episiotomy and 24% did not made. Regarding age, the highest percentage were women from 16 to 19 years of age, who were more likely to perform episiotomy. The complications that occurred in the two groups were tears, in the patients without episiotomy they presented tears of first and second degree, minimum lacerations in 20% and the patients with episiotomy presented tears II and up to III degree, edema 20% and pain in 52%, other of the complications was pain, showing that episiotomized women present pain being more intense than in those women who did not undergo pain. Concluding that the most important thing is to avoid the use of unnecessary episiotomy in order to prevent possible complications, since the use of this practice produces in women a series of signs and symptoms that affect their daily lives.
This research work was carried out with the objective of determining the immediate complications that arise with the systematic use and non-use of episiotomy in nulliparous pregnant women attended at the Matilde Hidalgo Maternity Hospital of Procel. We worked with a sample of 150 women, obtaining information in a collection form in the Excel statistical program. Two groups of nulliparous patients were ordered, a group of women who underwent an episiotomy and another group who did not undergo this procedure, were obtained as a result: 76% of nulliparous women underwent episiotomy and 24% did not made. Regarding age, the highest percentage were women from 16 to 19 years of age, who were more likely to perform episiotomy. The complications that occurred in the two groups were tears, in the patients without episiotomy they presented tears of first and second degree, minimum lacerations in 20% and the patients with episiotomy presented tears II and up to III degree, edema 20% and pain in 52%, other of the complications was pain, showing that episiotomized women present pain being more intense than in those women who did not undergo pain. Concluding that the most important thing is to avoid the use of unnecessary episiotomy in order to prevent possible complications, since the use of this practice produces in women a series of signs and symptoms that affect their daily lives.
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Palabras clave
Episiotomía, Puerperio, Colpoperineotomía, Vulvoperineal, Hospital Materno Infantil Dra. Matilde Hidalgo de Procel, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Nulíparas