Efectos y complicaciones obstétricas y neonatales por el consumo de heroína y derivados en gestantes adolescentes
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
Adolescencia periodo comprendido entre 10 a 19 años, etapa de transición y cambios. En la actualidad los adolescentes se encuentran expuestos a riesgos que aumentan probabilidades de mortalidad como drogadicción y sexo precoz. Realidad aún más alarmante cuando todos estos factores se conjugan en la vida de la joven manifestándose como embarazo en adolescentes drogadictas. Esto se ha convertido en problema de salud pública mundial por las complicaciones severas que acarrea, deserción escolar, muerte fetal, morbilidad neonatal y materna. Hipótesis: el consumo de heroína y derivados en embarazadas adolescentes aumenta las probabilidades de morbi-mortalidad materna y neonatal. Tipo de investigación: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, no experimental, observacional desarrollado en el hospital universitario de Guayaquil, periodo 2017. Universo y muestra: la muestra escogida consiste en la totalidad de pacientes que constituían el universo y fueron todas las embarazadas adolescentes con antecedente de consumo de heroína o sus derivados, que fueron 34. Resultados: Las principales complicaciones obstétricas y neonatales observadas en el grupo de estudio fueron: amenaza de parto pretermino en un 53%, parto precipitado en un 32%, ruptura prematura de membranas 15%, Síndrome de Abstinencia neonatal. Los factores que condicionan embarazos en estas adolescentes es nivel socioeconómico bajo, nivel de instrucción educación secundaria, edad de 10 a 15 años y procedencia zonas urbano marginales.
Adolescence period between 10 to 19 years, stage of transition and changes. Currently, adolescents are exposed to risks that increase mortality probabilities such as drug addiction and early sex. Reality even more alarming when all these factors combine the life of the young woman manifesting as pregnancy in drug addicted adolescents. This has become a global public health problem due to the severe complications that it causes, school drop-out, fetal death, neonatal and maternal morbidity. HYPOTHESIS: The use of heroin and derivatives in pregnant adolescents increases the probability of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. TYPE OF INVESTIGATION: This is a descriptive, experimental, non-observational study developed at the University Hospital of Guayaquil, 2017. UNIVERSE AND SAMPLE: The sample chosen consists of all patients who made up the universe and were all pregnant teenagers with antecedent of heroin use or its derivatives, which were 34. RESULTS: The main obstetric and neonatal complications observed in the study group were: threat of preterm delivery by 53%, precipitate delivery by 32%, premature rupture of membranes 15 %, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. The factors that condition pregnancies in these adolescents are low socioeconomic level, educational level secondary education, age of 10 to 15 years, and marginal urban areas.
Adolescence period between 10 to 19 years, stage of transition and changes. Currently, adolescents are exposed to risks that increase mortality probabilities such as drug addiction and early sex. Reality even more alarming when all these factors combine the life of the young woman manifesting as pregnancy in drug addicted adolescents. This has become a global public health problem due to the severe complications that it causes, school drop-out, fetal death, neonatal and maternal morbidity. HYPOTHESIS: The use of heroin and derivatives in pregnant adolescents increases the probability of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. TYPE OF INVESTIGATION: This is a descriptive, experimental, non-observational study developed at the University Hospital of Guayaquil, 2017. UNIVERSE AND SAMPLE: The sample chosen consists of all patients who made up the universe and were all pregnant teenagers with antecedent of heroin use or its derivatives, which were 34. RESULTS: The main obstetric and neonatal complications observed in the study group were: threat of preterm delivery by 53%, precipitate delivery by 32%, premature rupture of membranes 15 %, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. The factors that condition pregnancies in these adolescents are low socioeconomic level, educational level secondary education, age of 10 to 15 years, and marginal urban areas.
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Embarazo en adolescencia, Dependencia de heroína, Complicaciones obstétricas, Hospital Unversitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Complicaciones neonatales