Perfil epidemiológico de enfermedad cardiaca isquémica en pacientes ingresados en recuperación cardiovascular, estudio a realizarse en el Hospital Docente de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón Area de Recuperación Cardiovascular año 2016
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
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OBJETIVO: Describir el estudio epidemiológico de la enfermedad cardiaca isquémica en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital Docente de Especialidades Abel Gilbert Pontón mediante la observación indirecta de casos del 2016.
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Este es un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y el método es observacional y analítico. La muestra fue de 100 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad cardiaca isquémica, del área de Recuperación cardiovascular del Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón, sujetos a criterios de inclusión y exclusión.
RESULTADOS: En este estudio podemos demostrar los factores de riesgo que se relacionan con la enfermedad cardiaca isquémica siendo estos: antecedentes patológico familiares(hipertensión arterial), tabaquismo, sedentarismo, mal habito alimenticio; como prevalencia se obtuvo mayor incidencia en pacientes de 59 años de edad como edad promedio en hombres y 53 años de edad como edad promedio en mujeres, con 76 casos (76%) en hombres y con 24 casos (24%)en mujeres; y una baja incidencia en pacientes de ambos sexos de menos de 40 años corresponde al 8% que presentaron un problema cardiaco isquémico; siendo el sexo predominante el masculino (76%). Además de identificar los principales factores los cuales fueron herencia patológica familiar 100 casos, hipertensión arterial 76 pacientes para hombres y 24 casos en mujeres, 62 casos de diabetes para hombres y 19 casos de diabetes en mujeres, obesidad con 67 casos para hombres y 13 casos de obesidad para las mujeres, tabaquismo 51 casos en los hombres y 13 casos en las mujeres, sedentarismo 64 casos en hombres y 20 casos en mujeres, muerte en 7 casos para hombres y 8 casos mujeres. En relación a la gravedad obtuvimos mayor incidencia en pacientes con edad de más 54 años con 19 casos (38%); enfermedad renal de base con 18 casos (36%) y con desorden hidroelectrolítico en 13 casos (26%). En cuanto a la procedencia de los pacientes se obtuvo que 53 pacientes eran de Guayaquil, 17 pacientes de Esmeraldas, 8 pacientes de Quevedo, 7 pacientes de Manta, 6 pacientes de Babahoyo,4 pacientes de Ventanas y 2 pacientes cada uno para Palenque y Playas.
CONCLUSIONES: Este trabajo permitió identificar la prevalencia de pacientes diagnosticados con enfermedad cardiaca isquémica, sus factores de riesgo y realizar propuestas de estrategias de prevención.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological study of ischemic heart disease in hospitalized patients at the Hospital Docente de Especialidades Abel Gilbert Pontón through the indirect observation of cases from 2016. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, non-experimental, cross-sectional design and the method is observational and analytical. The sample consisted of 100 patients with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, from the cardiovascular recovery area of the Hospital Docente de Especialidades Abel Gilbert Pontón, subject to inclusion and exclusion criterion. RESULTS: In this study we can demonstrate the risk factors that are related to ischemic heart disease. These are: familial pathological history (hypertension), smoking, sedentary lifestyle, poor eating habits; As prevalence was higher incidence in patients 59 years of age as average age in men and 53 years of age as average age in women, with 76 cases (76%) in men and 24 cases (24%) in women; And a low incidence in patients of both sexes of less than 40 years corresponds to the 8% that presented / displayed an ischemic cardiac problem; Being the male sex predominant (76%). In addition to identifying the main factors that were family pathological inheritance 100 cases, arterial hypertension 76 patients for men and 24 cases for women, 62 cases of diabetes for men and 19 cases of diabetes in women, obesity with 67 cases for men and 13 cases Of obesity for women, smoking 51 cases in men and 13 cases in women, sedentary 64 cases in men and 20 cases in women, death in 7 cases for men and 8 cases women. In relation to severity, we had a higher incidence in patients aged over 54 years with 19 cases (38%); Baseline renal disease with 18 cases (36%) and hydroelectrolytic disorder in 13 cases (26%).As to the origin of the patients, 53 patients were from Guayaquil, 17 patients from Esmeraldas, 8 patients from Quevedo, 7 patients from 10 Manta, 6 patients from Babahoyo, 4 patients from Ventanas and 2 patients each from Palenque and Playas . CONCLUSIONS: This study made it possible to identify the prevalence of patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease, their risk factors and to make proposals for prevention strategies.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological study of ischemic heart disease in hospitalized patients at the Hospital Docente de Especialidades Abel Gilbert Pontón through the indirect observation of cases from 2016. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, non-experimental, cross-sectional design and the method is observational and analytical. The sample consisted of 100 patients with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, from the cardiovascular recovery area of the Hospital Docente de Especialidades Abel Gilbert Pontón, subject to inclusion and exclusion criterion. RESULTS: In this study we can demonstrate the risk factors that are related to ischemic heart disease. These are: familial pathological history (hypertension), smoking, sedentary lifestyle, poor eating habits; As prevalence was higher incidence in patients 59 years of age as average age in men and 53 years of age as average age in women, with 76 cases (76%) in men and 24 cases (24%) in women; And a low incidence in patients of both sexes of less than 40 years corresponds to the 8% that presented / displayed an ischemic cardiac problem; Being the male sex predominant (76%). In addition to identifying the main factors that were family pathological inheritance 100 cases, arterial hypertension 76 patients for men and 24 cases for women, 62 cases of diabetes for men and 19 cases of diabetes in women, obesity with 67 cases for men and 13 cases Of obesity for women, smoking 51 cases in men and 13 cases in women, sedentary 64 cases in men and 20 cases in women, death in 7 cases for men and 8 cases women. In relation to severity, we had a higher incidence in patients aged over 54 years with 19 cases (38%); Baseline renal disease with 18 cases (36%) and hydroelectrolytic disorder in 13 cases (26%).As to the origin of the patients, 53 patients were from Guayaquil, 17 patients from Esmeraldas, 8 patients from Quevedo, 7 patients from 10 Manta, 6 patients from Babahoyo, 4 patients from Ventanas and 2 patients each from Palenque and Playas . CONCLUSIONS: This study made it possible to identify the prevalence of patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease, their risk factors and to make proposals for prevention strategies.
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Enfermedades cardiovasculares, Factores de riesgo, Isquemia miocárdica, Infarto, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Perfil de salud