Síndrome de abstinencia neonatal en la Maternidad Mariana de Jesús en el período 2015 y 2016
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las características del Síndrome de abstinencia neonatal en la Maternidad Mariana de Jesús durante el periodo 2015 y 2016. El diseño de la investigación fue de tipo observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo, se analizaron 83 historias clínicas de recién nacidos con diagnóstico de síndrome de abstinencia neonatal ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales del hospital. Los datos de la investigación fueron trabajados en una hoja de cálculo de Microsoft Excel 2010, y en SPSS versión 21. En el año 2015 y 2016 se reportaron un total de 105 mujeres gestantes con adicción a sustancias ilícitas, de las cuales el 79% desarrollo síndrome de abstinencia en sus hijos. De total de recién nacidos con SAN (83), el 70% (58) correspondió al sexo femenino y el 30% (25) al sexo masculino. La mayor parte de los nacimientos fueron de a término en el 73% (61). La mayor proporción de madres eran adolescentes (83%), con nivel de instrucción académica básico en secundaria (75%). Según el tipo de droga al que fue expuesto el recién nacido, la más frecuente durante la gestación fue la droga H en el 100% de los casos. Se encontró una puntuación entre 8-12 puntos en la Escala de Finnegan en el 53% de los recién nacidos, siendo catalogados como síndrome de abstinencia neonatal leve. La principal manifestación clínica fueron la irritabilidad, el reflejo de moro hiperactivo y el llanto agudo en el 100% de los casos cada uno respectivamente. Solo el 23% (19) de los casos desarrollo presentó complicaciones clínicas importantes, siendo las más importantes la prematurez (100%), restricción del crecimiento (100%) y las convulsiones (58%).
The objective of the research was to analyze the characteristics of the neonatal abstinence syndrome in the Maternidad Mariana de Jesús during the period 2015 and 2016. The research design was observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective, 83 clinical histories were analyzed Born with diagnosis of neonatal abstinence syndrome admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the hospital. The research data were worked on a spreadsheet of Microsoft Excel 2010, and in SPSS version 21. In 2015 and 2016 a total of 105 pregnant women with illicit substance addiction were reported, of which 79% Abstinence syndrome in their children. Of the total number of newborns with SAN (83), 70% (58) were female and 30% (25) were male. The majority of births were full-term in 73% (61). The highest proportion of mothers were adolescents (83%), with a level of basic academic instruction in secondary school (75%). According to the type of drug to which the newborn was exposed, the most frequent during pregnancy was drug H in 100% of cases. A score of 8-12 points on the Finnegan Scale was found in 53% of newborns, being classified as mild neonatal withdrawal syndrome. The main clinical manifestations were irritability, hyperactive reflex and acute crying in 100% of the cases, respectively. Only 23% (19) of the development cases presented significant clinical complications, the most important being prematurity (100%), growth restriction (100%) and seizures (58%).
The objective of the research was to analyze the characteristics of the neonatal abstinence syndrome in the Maternidad Mariana de Jesús during the period 2015 and 2016. The research design was observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective, 83 clinical histories were analyzed Born with diagnosis of neonatal abstinence syndrome admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the hospital. The research data were worked on a spreadsheet of Microsoft Excel 2010, and in SPSS version 21. In 2015 and 2016 a total of 105 pregnant women with illicit substance addiction were reported, of which 79% Abstinence syndrome in their children. Of the total number of newborns with SAN (83), 70% (58) were female and 30% (25) were male. The majority of births were full-term in 73% (61). The highest proportion of mothers were adolescents (83%), with a level of basic academic instruction in secondary school (75%). According to the type of drug to which the newborn was exposed, the most frequent during pregnancy was drug H in 100% of cases. A score of 8-12 points on the Finnegan Scale was found in 53% of newborns, being classified as mild neonatal withdrawal syndrome. The main clinical manifestations were irritability, hyperactive reflex and acute crying in 100% of the cases, respectively. Only 23% (19) of the development cases presented significant clinical complications, the most important being prematurity (100%), growth restriction (100%) and seizures (58%).
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Síndrome de abstinencia neonatal, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital Especializado Mariana de Jesús, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador