Factores predisponentes y complicaciones neonatales en los pacientes con desprendimiento placentario en el Hospital Mariana de Jesús período 2016
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción: desprendimiento prematuro de membranas normo-inserta (DPPNI)
separación completa o parcial de la placenta (normalmente implantada) de la pared del
útero a las 20 semanas o más de la gestación.
Objetivo General: Determinar los factores predisponentes y las complicaciones
neonatales de Desprendimiento de Placenta en pacientes atendidas en Hospital Mariana de
Jesús, durante el periodo 2016.
Métodos y materiales: se realizó un estudio observacional indirecto, verbal y
descriptivo correlacional a 124 pacientes con diagnóstico de DPPNI en el HOSPITAL
MARIANA DE JESÚS PERIODO 2016, para el análisis estadístico se empleó las
historias clínicas del hospital y paquete de Microsoft office.
Resultados: Los factores de riesgo asociados fueron las infecciones con un 32.2%
seguida de la Hipertensión arterial con un 28%. Las edades de 25 a 28 años con un 30% así
como en edades entre 33 y 36 años con un 25%. El 84% fueron multigestas, el 44% tenía
entre 1 a 2 hijos y el 27% entre 3 a 4 hijos. Según la edad gestacional de las pacientes el 51%
se dio entre la semana 37-39 de gestación y el 32% entre la semana 33-36 de gestación. El
41,9% presentaron complicaciones y el 58,1% no. Dentro de las complicaciones el 42% fue
atonía uterina seguida del 15% con Shock hipovolémico. El 64,5% presentaron
complicaciones neonatales y el 35,5% no. Siendo el distres respiratorio ocupa el primer lugar
con un 46%, seguido de las anomalías del sistema nervioso central con un 15%.
Conclusiones: presente investigación aporta datos importantes sobre los factores de
riesgo y las complicaciones de las gestantes con DPPNI son parecidos a los otros estudios
investigativos.
Introduction: premature detachment of membranes normal-insert complete or partial separation of the placenta (normally implanted) in the wall of the uterus at 20 weeks or more of gestation. General Objective: To determine predisposing factors and neonatal complications of placental detachment in patients treated at Hospital Mariana de Jesús, during the period 2016. Methods and materials: An indirect, verbal and correlational descriptive observational study was performed on 124 patients diagnosed with PNDD in the MARIANA HOSPITAL DE JESÚS PERIODO 2016, for the statistical analysis, hospital records and a Microsoft office package were used. Results: The associated risk factors were infections with 32.2% followed by hypertension with 28%. The ages of 25 to 28 years with 30% as well as in ages between 33 and 36 years with 25%. 84% were multigestive, 44% had between 1 and 2 children and 27% between 3 and 4 children. According to the gestational age of the patients, 51% occurred between the week 37-39 of gestation and 32% between the week 33-36 of gestation. 41.9% presented complications and 58.1% did not. Among complications, 42% were uterine atony followed by 15% with hypovolemic shock. 64.5% presented neonatal complications and 35.5% did not. Respiratory distress is the first with 46%, followed by central nervous system abnormalities with 15%. Conclusions: This research provides important data on the risk factors and complications of pregnant women with PNDD are similar to other research studies.
Introduction: premature detachment of membranes normal-insert complete or partial separation of the placenta (normally implanted) in the wall of the uterus at 20 weeks or more of gestation. General Objective: To determine predisposing factors and neonatal complications of placental detachment in patients treated at Hospital Mariana de Jesús, during the period 2016. Methods and materials: An indirect, verbal and correlational descriptive observational study was performed on 124 patients diagnosed with PNDD in the MARIANA HOSPITAL DE JESÚS PERIODO 2016, for the statistical analysis, hospital records and a Microsoft office package were used. Results: The associated risk factors were infections with 32.2% followed by hypertension with 28%. The ages of 25 to 28 years with 30% as well as in ages between 33 and 36 years with 25%. 84% were multigestive, 44% had between 1 and 2 children and 27% between 3 and 4 children. According to the gestational age of the patients, 51% occurred between the week 37-39 of gestation and 32% between the week 33-36 of gestation. 41.9% presented complications and 58.1% did not. Among complications, 42% were uterine atony followed by 15% with hypovolemic shock. 64.5% presented neonatal complications and 35.5% did not. Respiratory distress is the first with 46%, followed by central nervous system abnormalities with 15%. Conclusions: This research provides important data on the risk factors and complications of pregnant women with PNDD are similar to other research studies.
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Desprendimiento prematuro de la placenta, Complicaciones del embarazo, Complicaciones neonatales, Hospital Especializado Mariana de Jesús, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Causalidad