Estudio del comportamiento dinámico de edificaciones unifamiliares construidas con albañilería armada para evitar colapsos en zonas de alta amenaza sísmica de Ecuador.
Fecha
2018-01
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil.
Resumen
El presente trabajo de titulación estuvo enfocado en el estudio del comportamiento dinámico de edificaciones construidas con albañilería armada para evitar colapsos en zonas de alta amenaza sísmica de Ecuador. Se efectuó un ensayo en el cual se analizó el esfuerzo a la compresión de prismas (f´m), siendo su resultado un dato necesario para modelar las edificaciones propuestas. La metodología de investigación empleada fue cuali – cuantitativa. Cualitativa por la investigación teórica y científica que se realizó para conocer más sobre el proceso y técnicas del sistema constructivo estudiado, y cuantitativa por la metodología numérica y modelación matemática empleada para el análisis estructural. Para la realización del estudio, se analizaron tres edificaciones en las ciudades de Esmeraldas, Bahía de Caráquez y Guayaquil con dos tipos de suelos (tipo D y E). Con los tipos de suelos escogidos, se realizaron dos espectros en cada ciudad para que los resultados obtenidos sean los más cercanos a la realidad. Se comprobó que los muros de albañilería armada se comportan dentro del rango elástico, siendo esto muy bueno para evitar los colapsos de los mismos. También, se obtuvo que los resultados de desplazamientos y derivas son marginales y que trabajan con valores dentro de la Ley de Hooke, lo cual es favorable para el comportamiento sismorresistente en las edificaciones. Por último, se observó que existe una buena distribución de cargas en las estructuras de albañilería armada, demostrando un buen comportamiento dinámico en las zonas de alta amenaza sísmica de Ecuador, aunque por efecto de la configuración de las arquitecturas escogidas no se obtuvo los modos de vibrar requeridos, siendo esto un motivo de futuras investigaciones.
The present qualification work was focused in the study of the dynamic behavior of buildings built with armed masonry to avoid collapses in zones of high seismic threat of Ecuador. An experiment was realized in which the effort to the compression of prisms (f'm) was analyzed, being its result a necessary data to model the proposed buildings. The research methodology used was quali-quantitative. Qualitative by the theoretical and scientific research that was realized to know more about the process and techniques of the studied constructive system, and quantitative by the numerical methodology and mathematical modeling used for the structural analysis. For the study, three buildings were analyzed in the cities of Esmeraldas, Bahía de Caráquez and Guayaquil with two types of soils (type D and E). With the soil types chosen, two spectra were made in each city for that the results obtained are the closest to reality. It was verified that the walls of armed masonry behave within the elastic range, being this very good to avoid the collapses of the same ones. Also, was obtained that the results of displacements and drifts are marginal and that work with values within the Law of Hooke, which is favorable for the earthquake resistant behavior in the buildings. Finally, was observed that there is a good distribution of loads in the structures of armed masonry, demonstrating a good dynamic behavior in the zones of high seismic threat of Ecuador, although by effect of the configuration of the chosen architectures the modes of vibrate required were not obtained, this being a reason for future research. Key words: armed masonry, dynamic behavior, earthquake resistant, mathematical modeling, seismic zones.
The present qualification work was focused in the study of the dynamic behavior of buildings built with armed masonry to avoid collapses in zones of high seismic threat of Ecuador. An experiment was realized in which the effort to the compression of prisms (f'm) was analyzed, being its result a necessary data to model the proposed buildings. The research methodology used was quali-quantitative. Qualitative by the theoretical and scientific research that was realized to know more about the process and techniques of the studied constructive system, and quantitative by the numerical methodology and mathematical modeling used for the structural analysis. For the study, three buildings were analyzed in the cities of Esmeraldas, Bahía de Caráquez and Guayaquil with two types of soils (type D and E). With the soil types chosen, two spectra were made in each city for that the results obtained are the closest to reality. It was verified that the walls of armed masonry behave within the elastic range, being this very good to avoid the collapses of the same ones. Also, was obtained that the results of displacements and drifts are marginal and that work with values within the Law of Hooke, which is favorable for the earthquake resistant behavior in the buildings. Finally, was observed that there is a good distribution of loads in the structures of armed masonry, demonstrating a good dynamic behavior in the zones of high seismic threat of Ecuador, although by effect of the configuration of the chosen architectures the modes of vibrate required were not obtained, this being a reason for future research. Key words: armed masonry, dynamic behavior, earthquake resistant, mathematical modeling, seismic zones.
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ALBAÑILERÍA ARMADA, COMPORTAMIENTO DINÁMICO, SISMORRESISTENTE, MODELACIÓN MATEMÁTICA, ZONAS SÍSMICAS