Evaluación del sistema de agua potable de la Parroquia Urbana El Salto.
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Fecha
2018-01
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil.
Resumen
La parroquia urbana El Salto perteneciente al cantón Babahoyo, provincia de Los Ríos, posee un sistema de agua potable el cual no cumple con las necesidades de los usuarios en cuanto la cantidad y presión que llega a los sectores aledaños. En este presente estudio nos enfocaremos en un sector en específico llamado Nueva Esperanza el cual queda a 2.5 km de la planta de tratamiento y es perteneciente a la parroquia urbana El Salto, en e sector antes mencionado es donde existe mayor problemática de demanda del servicio y donde se realizará un nuevo trazado de red de distribución. El objetivo de este estudio será la evaluación del sistema de agua potable actual.
Para realizar el abastecimiento de agua cruda esta planta es alimentada mediante captaciones de aguas subterráneas ya que estas son las obras de captación con mayor frecuencia. Para realizar el tratamiento de aguas subterráneas, la desinfección se la realiza mediante cloro liquido ya que resulta más económico y de fácil aplicación. Para la eliminación del óxido de hierro y gases en el agua se utilizará el proceso de aireación, la red de distribución tiene como objetivo principal distribuir el agua para que llegue con la cantidad de caudal necesario y presión adecuada hasta el punto más alejado.
La metodología aplicada en este estudio considera las características socio- económicas y del campo existente. Para la evaluación de la nueva red de distribución que será trazada en el sector Nueva Esperanza se utilizaron principios hidráulicos planteados por Hazen Williams y Hardy Cross.
El estudio señala que la planta de tratamiento no posee la desinfección ni aireación adecuada, la red de distribución del sector Nueva Esperanza debido a relleno
constantes a quedado situada a 2,5 m de profundidad la cual no es la indicada, los moradores de este dicho sector viven constantemente quejándose por el mal servicio que reciben, el cual consta de poca presión, caudal y que el servicio no es constante.
Con el fin de mejorar la efectividad del sistema actual se planteará una propuesta de mejora la cual consiste en: Instalar un nuevo sistema de bombeo de la reserva baja hacia la reserva alta con una bomba de 110 HP, tratamiento con desinfección, aireación y filtración y nueva red de distribución en el sector Nueva Esperanza con los diámetros calculados en el anexo 4.
The urban parish El Salto belonging to the canton Babahoyo, province of Los Ríos, has a potable water system which does not meet the needs of users in terms of quantity and pressure that reaches the surrounding areas. In this present study we will focus on a specific sector called Nueva Esperanza, which is 2.5 km away from the treatment plant and belongs to the El Salto urban parish, in the aforementioned sector where there is a greater problem of demand for the service and where a new distribution network layout will be made. The objective of this study will be the evaluation of the current drinking water system. In order to carry out the raw water supply, this plant is fed by means of groundwater catchments, since these are the collection works with the greatest frequency. To carry out the treatment of groundwater, disinfection is carried out using liquid chlorine, since it is more economical and easy to apply. For the elimination of iron oxide and gases in the water the aeration process will be used, the distribution network has as main objective to distribute the water so that it arrives with the necessary amount of flow and adequate pressure to the furthest point. The methodology applied in this study considers the socio-economic characteristics and the existing field. The hydraulic principles proposed by Hazen Williams and Hardy Cross were used to evaluate the new distribution network that will be drawn up in the Nueva Esperanza sector. The study indicates that the treatment plant does not have adequate disinfection or aeration, the distribution network of the Nueva Esperanza sector due to constant filling to be located at 2.5 m depth which is not indicated, the residents of this said sector constantly complain about the poor service they receive, which consists of little pressure, flow and that the service is not constant. In order to improve the effectiveness of the current system, an improvement proposal will be proposed which consists of: Installing a new pumping system from the low reserve to the high reserve with a 110 HP pump, treatment with disinfection, aeration and filtration and new distribution network in the Nueva Esperanza sector with the diameters calculated in annex 4.
The urban parish El Salto belonging to the canton Babahoyo, province of Los Ríos, has a potable water system which does not meet the needs of users in terms of quantity and pressure that reaches the surrounding areas. In this present study we will focus on a specific sector called Nueva Esperanza, which is 2.5 km away from the treatment plant and belongs to the El Salto urban parish, in the aforementioned sector where there is a greater problem of demand for the service and where a new distribution network layout will be made. The objective of this study will be the evaluation of the current drinking water system. In order to carry out the raw water supply, this plant is fed by means of groundwater catchments, since these are the collection works with the greatest frequency. To carry out the treatment of groundwater, disinfection is carried out using liquid chlorine, since it is more economical and easy to apply. For the elimination of iron oxide and gases in the water the aeration process will be used, the distribution network has as main objective to distribute the water so that it arrives with the necessary amount of flow and adequate pressure to the furthest point. The methodology applied in this study considers the socio-economic characteristics and the existing field. The hydraulic principles proposed by Hazen Williams and Hardy Cross were used to evaluate the new distribution network that will be drawn up in the Nueva Esperanza sector. The study indicates that the treatment plant does not have adequate disinfection or aeration, the distribution network of the Nueva Esperanza sector due to constant filling to be located at 2.5 m depth which is not indicated, the residents of this said sector constantly complain about the poor service they receive, which consists of little pressure, flow and that the service is not constant. In order to improve the effectiveness of the current system, an improvement proposal will be proposed which consists of: Installing a new pumping system from the low reserve to the high reserve with a 110 HP pump, treatment with disinfection, aeration and filtration and new distribution network in the Nueva Esperanza sector with the diameters calculated in annex 4.
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Palabras clave
EVALUACIÓN, SISTEMA, AGUA, POTABLE