Manifestaciones clínicas en la salud bucal en los pacientes consumidores de sustancias psicotrópicas y estupefacientes en el Centro de Rehabilitación proyecto vida
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2018-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
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Las sustancias psicotrópicas y estupefacientes son drogas de consumo ilegal que alteran el sistema nervioso central, deterioran la salud en general, trastornan el estado anímico y producen variaciones motoras en las personas que las consumen. En Ecuador el consumo de estas sustancias ilegales llega a estándares altos para la región, siendo un grave problema de salud pública. En el presente trabajo se aborda la temática a partir de un estudio de 27 casos de pacientes que presentan esta condición y están en recuperación en el Centro de rehabilitación Proyecto Vida de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Esta investigación es de corte cuantitativo y descriptivo que analiza las repercusiones del consumo en la salud oral de los pacientes dependientes. Los resultados de la exploración clínica devela que a nivel de la cavidad bucal se presentan con mayor frecuencia lesiones cariosas, enfermedades periodontales, perdidas de piezas dentales en zona de molares y dientes anteriores, en menor proporción existen alteraciones en la articulación témporo mandibular, bruxismo y erosión dental en especial en pacientes que consumen cocaína, pigmentaciones dentales producidas por la sustancia de consumo y las medicinas que les proporcionan. Estos pacientes presentaron estupor, enlentecimiento motor y en su fonación, en ciertos evaluados la ansiedad propia de su condición los lleva a adquirir hábitos inapropiados como morder labios, carrillos y mejillas. Un dato relevante en los participantes es que todos ellos iniciaron su consumo con marihuana, luego la heroína y cocaína con sus respectivos derivados, en ningún caso existe abuso de alcohol.
Psychotropic and narcotic substances are drugs of illegal consumption that alter the central nervous system, deteriorate health in general, disrupt mood and produce motor variations in people who consume them. In Ecuador, the consumption of these illegal substances reaches high standards for the region, being a serious public health problem. In the present work the subject is approached from a study of 27 cases of patients who present this condition and are in recovery at the Life Project Rehabilitation Center in the city of Guayaquil. This research is of a quantitative and descriptive type that analyzes the repercussions of consumption on the oral health of the dependent patients. The results of the clinical examination reveal that at the level of the oral cavity there are more frequent carious lesions, periodontal diseases, tooth loss in the area of molars and anterior teeth. In a lesser proportion there are alterations in the temporomandibular joint, bruxism and dental erosion, especially in patients who use cocaine, dental pigmentation produced by the substance used and the medicines that provide them. These patients showed stupor, motor slowness and in their phonation. In certain evaluated the anxiety characteristic of their condition leads them to acquire inappropriate habits such as biting lips and cheeks. A relevant fact in the participants is that all of them started their consumption with marijuana, then heroin and cocaine with their respective derivatives. In no case there is alcohol abuse.
Psychotropic and narcotic substances are drugs of illegal consumption that alter the central nervous system, deteriorate health in general, disrupt mood and produce motor variations in people who consume them. In Ecuador, the consumption of these illegal substances reaches high standards for the region, being a serious public health problem. In the present work the subject is approached from a study of 27 cases of patients who present this condition and are in recovery at the Life Project Rehabilitation Center in the city of Guayaquil. This research is of a quantitative and descriptive type that analyzes the repercussions of consumption on the oral health of the dependent patients. The results of the clinical examination reveal that at the level of the oral cavity there are more frequent carious lesions, periodontal diseases, tooth loss in the area of molars and anterior teeth. In a lesser proportion there are alterations in the temporomandibular joint, bruxism and dental erosion, especially in patients who use cocaine, dental pigmentation produced by the substance used and the medicines that provide them. These patients showed stupor, motor slowness and in their phonation. In certain evaluated the anxiety characteristic of their condition leads them to acquire inappropriate habits such as biting lips and cheeks. A relevant fact in the participants is that all of them started their consumption with marijuana, then heroin and cocaine with their respective derivatives. In no case there is alcohol abuse.
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PACIENTES, DROGAS-CLASIFIACION, CAVIDAD ORAL