Complicaciones del embarazo por la obesidad, en mujeres de 20 a 35 años atendidas en el Hospital Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, durante el período julio 2014 a diciembre del 2015
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La mujer en edad reproductiva y especialmente la embarazada muestra cifras alarmantes de mal nutrición por exceso. El año 2009 el sobrepeso alcanzaba 32,0% y la obesidad 20,9% en embarazadas, según cifras del INE. La retención de peso a los seis meses post parto mostraba valores de 33,4% y 22,2% de sobrepeso y obesidad, respectivamente. En estas mujeres se observa mayor incidencia de aborto, mayor tasa de fracaso en técnicas de fertilidad y mayor incidencia de parto prematuro, preclampsia, diabetes gestacional, tasa de cesáreas y macrosomía fetal. Por otra parte, los hijos de mujeres obesas tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar obesidad y secuelas metabólicas. No es de extrañar entonces que un número creciente de mujeres se embarace con sobrepeso u obesidad, representando un gran desafío en el control de ese embarazo y la resolución del parto. El impacto de la obesidad y el incremento excesivo de peso sobre el embarazo y los recién nacidos está claramente documentado, y su asociación con resultados perinatales adversos es notoria). La obesidad y sus complicaciones perinatales, forman parte de la consulta en el ámbito hospitalario y constituye una de las principales causas de mortalidad y morbilidad en madres y recién nacidos, generando altos costos en salud. La obesidad en si plantea un problema de salud grave a nivel individual y público, ya que los cambios en alimentación y actividad física han incrementado mundialmente. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, define a la obesidad como el índice de masa corporal mayor a 30, este índice se calcula en relación al peso y talla (peso en kg/ talla en m2). La obesidad se encuentra entre las diez primeras causas de riesgo importante para la salud, en los países en vías de desarrollo, ocupa el quinto lugar por prevalencia, este problema se puede presentar tanto en mujeres con diferentes edades como en gestantes y mujeres en edad reproductiva. En los últimos 30 años, la prevalencia de obesidad en mujeres en edad reproductiva entre 20-39 años (51%) se ha incrementado a más del doble, observándose actualmente que dos tercios de esta población presentan sobrepeso y un tercio obesidad. En países de América Latina y Europa, representa la segunda causa de muerte evitable atribuyéndosele 400.000 muertes debido al binomio obesidad y sedentarismo. En el
Reino Unido, el 40% de las mujeres excede en su peso y en EE.UU. más del 18% de las mujeres resultó ser obesa. En el Ecuador los desórdenes nutricionales, el sobrepeso y la obesidad han ido en aumento. Se estimó que la prevalencia de obesidad en nuestro país en la población mayor de 20 años es alrededor del 10%y 40% de sobrepeso. El objetivo planteado en esta investigación fue Conocer a las complicaciones materno- fetales que se presentan en las mujeres embarazadas con obesidad, que asisten a los diferentes servicios departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Regional Teodoro Maldonado Carbo con el fin de mejorar la atención, seguimiento y monitorización de las mismas.
The woman in reproductive age and specially the pregnant woman shows alarming numbers of evil nutrition for excess. The year 2009 the overweight was reaching 32,0 % and the obesity 20,9 % in pregnant women, according to numbers of the INE. The retention of weight to six months post childbirth was showing values of 33,4 % and 22,2 % of overweight and obesity, respectively. In these women is observed major incident of abortion, major rate of failure in technologies of fertility and major incident of premature childbirth, preeclampsia, diabetes gestational, appraises of Caesarean and macrosomía fetal. On the other hand, the children of obese women have major risk of developing obesity and metabolic sequels. It is not of surprising then that an increasing number of women embarrasses with overweight or obesity, representing a great challenge in the control of this pregnancy and the resolution of the childbirth. The impact of the obesity and the excessive increase of weight on the pregnancy and the newborn children is clearly documented, and his association with results perinatal adverse is well-known). The obesity and his complications perinatal, they form a part of the consultation in the hospitable area and it constitutes one of the principal reasons of mortality and morbidity in mothers and newborn children, generating high costs in health. The obesity in if it raises a problem of serious health to individual and public level, since the changes in supply and physical activity have increased throughout the world. According to the World Health Organization, it defines to the obesity as the index of corporal bigger mass than 30, this index is calculated in relation to the weight and height (I weigh in kg/deals in m2). The obesity is between the first ten reasons of important risk for the health, in the developing countries, occupies the fifth place for prevalence, this problem can appear so much in women with different ages as in pregnancy and women in reproductive age. In the last 30 years, the prevalence of obesity in women in reproductive age between 20- 39 years (51 %) has increased to more of the double, being observed nowadays that two thirds of this population present overweight and a third obesity. In countries of Latin America and Europe, it represents the second reason of avoidable death him assuming 400.000 deaths due to the binomial obesity and sedentary lifestyle. In the United Kingdom, 40 % of the women exceeds in his weight and in USA more than 18 % of the women turned out to be obese. In the Ecuador the nutritional disorders, the overweight and the obesity have gone in increase. It thought that the prevalence of obesity in our country in the 20-year-old major population is about 10%y 40 % of overweight. In the Ecuador the nutritional disorders, the overweight and the obesity have gone in increase. It thought that the prevalence of obesity in our country in the 20-year-old major population is about 10%y 40 % of overweight. The aim raised in this investigation was To know to the complications mother - fetal that appear in the women embarrassed with obesity, who are present at the different services department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Regional Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo in order to improve the attention, follow-up and monitoring of the same ones.
The woman in reproductive age and specially the pregnant woman shows alarming numbers of evil nutrition for excess. The year 2009 the overweight was reaching 32,0 % and the obesity 20,9 % in pregnant women, according to numbers of the INE. The retention of weight to six months post childbirth was showing values of 33,4 % and 22,2 % of overweight and obesity, respectively. In these women is observed major incident of abortion, major rate of failure in technologies of fertility and major incident of premature childbirth, preeclampsia, diabetes gestational, appraises of Caesarean and macrosomía fetal. On the other hand, the children of obese women have major risk of developing obesity and metabolic sequels. It is not of surprising then that an increasing number of women embarrasses with overweight or obesity, representing a great challenge in the control of this pregnancy and the resolution of the childbirth. The impact of the obesity and the excessive increase of weight on the pregnancy and the newborn children is clearly documented, and his association with results perinatal adverse is well-known). The obesity and his complications perinatal, they form a part of the consultation in the hospitable area and it constitutes one of the principal reasons of mortality and morbidity in mothers and newborn children, generating high costs in health. The obesity in if it raises a problem of serious health to individual and public level, since the changes in supply and physical activity have increased throughout the world. According to the World Health Organization, it defines to the obesity as the index of corporal bigger mass than 30, this index is calculated in relation to the weight and height (I weigh in kg/deals in m2). The obesity is between the first ten reasons of important risk for the health, in the developing countries, occupies the fifth place for prevalence, this problem can appear so much in women with different ages as in pregnancy and women in reproductive age. In the last 30 years, the prevalence of obesity in women in reproductive age between 20- 39 years (51 %) has increased to more of the double, being observed nowadays that two thirds of this population present overweight and a third obesity. In countries of Latin America and Europe, it represents the second reason of avoidable death him assuming 400.000 deaths due to the binomial obesity and sedentary lifestyle. In the United Kingdom, 40 % of the women exceeds in his weight and in USA more than 18 % of the women turned out to be obese. In the Ecuador the nutritional disorders, the overweight and the obesity have gone in increase. It thought that the prevalence of obesity in our country in the 20-year-old major population is about 10%y 40 % of overweight. In the Ecuador the nutritional disorders, the overweight and the obesity have gone in increase. It thought that the prevalence of obesity in our country in the 20-year-old major population is about 10%y 40 % of overweight. The aim raised in this investigation was To know to the complications mother - fetal that appear in the women embarrassed with obesity, who are present at the different services department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Regional Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo in order to improve the attention, follow-up and monitoring of the same ones.
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Embarazo, Obesidad, Complicaciones del embarazo, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador