Complicaciones y factores de riesgo del embarazo de alto riesgo en pacientes del Hospital General Liborio Panchana Sotomayor, en el período 2015-2016
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La salud materna y perinatal es hoy día una de las prioridades del Estado Ecuatoriano. Para quienes hacemos salud pública, el concepto de muerte materna es mucho más amplio que el meramente técnico, por lo que una muerte materna significa el desequilibrio del núcleo familiar.
OBJETIVO:
Determinar, ¿Cuáles son las principales causas de embarazo de alto riesgo en el Hospital General Liborio Panchana Sotomayor?
MATERIAS Y METODOS:
Se realizó revisión de los Datos Estadísticos de causas de egresos hospitalarios general, del año 2015 en la sección correspondiente a la especialidad de Gineco-obstetricia, analizando la totalidad de partos eutócicos, partos distócicos y cesáreas realizadas por diversas causas, así como aquellos diagnósticos de acuerdo al CIE 10 catalogados como riesgo para la gestación. Tipo de estudio transversal.
RESULTADOS:
Los principales factores de riesgo que ocasionan un embarazo de alto riesgo, detectados en la base de datos del Hospital General Liborio Panchana de la ciudad de Santa Elena en el año 2015, fueron los siguientes:
1) Presentación anómala, constatada tras la semana 36 de gestación con un total de 182 casos. 2) Gran multiparidad (mayor de 3 gestas) con 149 casos. 3) Infección de vías urinarias y flujo vaginal recurrentes por más de dos ocasiones en tres controles subsecuentes con 139 casos. 4) Menores de 19 años con atención de su primer embarazo con 99 casos. 5) Rotura prematura de membranas mayor de 12 horas con 70 casos. 6) Control insuficiente de la gestación con menos de 3 visitas prenatales con 34 casos. 7) Trastornos hipertensivos en el embarazo con 17 casos. 8) Historia obstétrica desfavorable con 11 casos. 9) Mujeres con más de 35 años con un primer embarazo con 3 casos. 10) Las condiciones socioeconómicas desfavorables con 2 casos.
CONCLUSIONES:
Los resultados de esta investigación y la experiencia práctica han demostrado que, si determinadas intervenciones sanitarias se ponen a disposición de todos, es posible reducir la incidencia y la gravedad de las principales complicaciones asociadas con el embarazo y el parto. Un acceso cada vez mayor a servicios de regulación de la fecundidad y la mejora de la calidad de estos, permitirá reducir el número de embarazos indeseados, abortos peligrosos y defunciones maternas asociadas.
Maternal and perinatal health is today one of the priorities of the Ecuadorian State. For those of us in public health, the concept of maternal death is much broader than the merely technical, so that a maternal death means the imbalance of the family nucleus. OBJECTIVE: Determine, What are the main causes of high-risk pregnancy in the Liborio Panchana Sotomayor General Hospital? SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A review of the Statistical Data of causes of general hospital discharges was made, in 2015, in the section corresponding to the specialty of Obstetrics-Gynecology, analyzing the totality of eutocic deliveries, dystocic births and cesarean deliveries performed for various reasons, as well as those diagnoses of according to the ICD 10 cataloged as risk for pregnancy. Type of cross-sectional study. VII RESULTS: The main risk factors that cause a high-risk pregnancy, detected in the database of the Liborio Panchana General Hospital in the city of Santa Elena in 2015, were the following: 1) Abnormal presentation, confirmed after the 36th week of gestation with a total of 182 cases. 2) Great multiparity (greater than 3 deeds) with 149 cases. 3) Urinary tract infection and recurrent vaginal discharge for more than two occasions in three subsequent controls with 139 cases. 4) Under 19 years of age with attention to their first pregnancy with 99 cases. 5) Premature rupture of membranes greater than 12 hours with 70 cases. 6) Insufficient control of pregnancy with less than 3 prenatal visits with 34 cases. 7) Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy with 17 cases. 8) Unfavorable obstetric history with 11 cases. 9) Women over 35 years old with a first pregnancy with 3 cases. 10) Unfavorable socioeconomic conditions with 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this research and practical experience have shown that, if certain health interventions are made available to everyone, it is possible to reduce the incidence and severity of the main complications associated with pregnancy and childbirth. Increasing access to fertility regulation services and the improvement of their quality will reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies, dangerous abortions and associated maternal deaths.
Maternal and perinatal health is today one of the priorities of the Ecuadorian State. For those of us in public health, the concept of maternal death is much broader than the merely technical, so that a maternal death means the imbalance of the family nucleus. OBJECTIVE: Determine, What are the main causes of high-risk pregnancy in the Liborio Panchana Sotomayor General Hospital? SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A review of the Statistical Data of causes of general hospital discharges was made, in 2015, in the section corresponding to the specialty of Obstetrics-Gynecology, analyzing the totality of eutocic deliveries, dystocic births and cesarean deliveries performed for various reasons, as well as those diagnoses of according to the ICD 10 cataloged as risk for pregnancy. Type of cross-sectional study. VII RESULTS: The main risk factors that cause a high-risk pregnancy, detected in the database of the Liborio Panchana General Hospital in the city of Santa Elena in 2015, were the following: 1) Abnormal presentation, confirmed after the 36th week of gestation with a total of 182 cases. 2) Great multiparity (greater than 3 deeds) with 149 cases. 3) Urinary tract infection and recurrent vaginal discharge for more than two occasions in three subsequent controls with 139 cases. 4) Under 19 years of age with attention to their first pregnancy with 99 cases. 5) Premature rupture of membranes greater than 12 hours with 70 cases. 6) Insufficient control of pregnancy with less than 3 prenatal visits with 34 cases. 7) Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy with 17 cases. 8) Unfavorable obstetric history with 11 cases. 9) Women over 35 years old with a first pregnancy with 3 cases. 10) Unfavorable socioeconomic conditions with 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this research and practical experience have shown that, if certain health interventions are made available to everyone, it is possible to reduce the incidence and severity of the main complications associated with pregnancy and childbirth. Increasing access to fertility regulation services and the improvement of their quality will reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies, dangerous abortions and associated maternal deaths.
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EMBARAZO DE ALTO RIESGO, FACTORES DE RIESGO, HOSPITAL GENERAL DR. LIBORIO PANCHANA SOTOMAYOR, CANTON SANTA ELENA, ECUADOR, COMPLICACIONES DEL EMBARAZO