Aplicación de protocolo de manejo de accidentes ofídicos, Hospital Martín Icaza de Babahoyo
Fecha
2016
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El accidente ofídico es la lesión resultante de la mordedura de una serpiente, ocurre principalmente en países tropicales con ambientes apropiados de hábitat, con condiciones geográficas, climáticas, socioculturales y demográficas que aumentan la susceptibilidad de sufrir una agresión. Estas características favorecen el incremento de la morbilidad, las complicaciones, y la muerte de personas y animales. Esta tesis tiene como finalidad evaluar el cumplimiento de la aplicación de un protocolo de atención médica en Accidentes Ofídcos para una disminución de la morbi- mortalidad, así como determinar el perfil epidemiológico del ofidismo en el Hospital General Martín Icaza durante el año 2015. Se identificarán el tipo de Accidente Ofídico más frecuente, registrando la atención médica de estos pacientes y verificando la aplicación del protocolo existente en la Institución. Este proyecto será de tipo descriptivo, de diseño no experimental, transversal. Se analizó 96 registros médicos de pacientes atendidos de enero a diciembre del año 2015. La información se recopiló y se hizo el análisis estadístico en Microsoft Excel donde se obtuvo los cuadros y gráficos respectivos. La investigación fue retrospectiva, descriptiva, transversal con un diseño no experimental. La mayor cantidad de pacientes fueron varones (69.8%), con edad comprendida entre los 40 y 65 años (36.5%). La residencia era predominio rural (56%), procediendo en su mayoría de la Provincia de Los Ríos (76%). El mes con mayor incidencia fue marzo (15%). El ofidio causante no fue identificado por la víctima en la mayoría de los casos (49%), si bien el accidente de tipo botrópico fue el más frecuente (99%). El sitio más frecuente de mordedura fueron los miembros inferiores izquierdo (33%) y derecho (31%), no habiendo diferencia significativa entre ambos. El 60% acudió con Accidente ofídico de grado moderado. El 97% de los pacientes evolucionó de manera estable sin desarrollo de complicaciones. Se estableció el Índice de Uso de Suero Antiofídico (No de ampollas utilizadas/número de frascos proyectados según el protocolo), como indicador relativo según la gravedad.
Ophidism is the injury resulting from the bite of a snake, occurs mainly in tropical countries with suitable habitat environments with geographical, climatic, cultural and demographic that increase susceptibility to suffer an attack. These characteristics favor the increased morbidity, complications, and death of people and animals. This thesis aims to assess compliance with the implementation of a protocol for health care ophidism decreased morbidity and mortality, as well as determine the epidemiological profile of snake bite in the General Hospital Martin Icaza during 2015. It will identify the most frequent type of snake bite, registering the care of these patients and verifying the implementation of the existing protocol in the institution. This project will be descriptive, not experimental, and transversal. 96 medical records of patients have seen from January to December 2015. The information was collected and statistical analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel, where the respective tables and charts were obtained was analyzed. The research was retrospective, descriptive, cross with a non-experimental design. Most patients were male (69.8%), aged between 40 and 65 years (36.5%). The residence was rural (56%) prevalence, coming mostly from the province of Los Rios (76%). The month with the highest incidence was in March (15%). Snake was not identified in most cases (49%), although bothropic accident was the most frequent type (99%). The most frequent site of bite were the lower limbs, left (33%) and right (31%), with no significant difference between the two. 60% went with moderate ofídico accident. 97% of patients developed stably without development of complications. Antivenom Serum Use Index (Number of used bottles / number of projected according to the protocol bottles) was established as a relative indicator based on severity.
Ophidism is the injury resulting from the bite of a snake, occurs mainly in tropical countries with suitable habitat environments with geographical, climatic, cultural and demographic that increase susceptibility to suffer an attack. These characteristics favor the increased morbidity, complications, and death of people and animals. This thesis aims to assess compliance with the implementation of a protocol for health care ophidism decreased morbidity and mortality, as well as determine the epidemiological profile of snake bite in the General Hospital Martin Icaza during 2015. It will identify the most frequent type of snake bite, registering the care of these patients and verifying the implementation of the existing protocol in the institution. This project will be descriptive, not experimental, and transversal. 96 medical records of patients have seen from January to December 2015. The information was collected and statistical analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel, where the respective tables and charts were obtained was analyzed. The research was retrospective, descriptive, cross with a non-experimental design. Most patients were male (69.8%), aged between 40 and 65 years (36.5%). The residence was rural (56%) prevalence, coming mostly from the province of Los Rios (76%). The month with the highest incidence was in March (15%). Snake was not identified in most cases (49%), although bothropic accident was the most frequent type (99%). The most frequent site of bite were the lower limbs, left (33%) and right (31%), with no significant difference between the two. 60% went with moderate ofídico accident. 97% of patients developed stably without development of complications. Antivenom Serum Use Index (Number of used bottles / number of projected according to the protocol bottles) was established as a relative indicator based on severity.
Descripción
PDF
Palabras clave
Mordeduras de serpientes, Protocolos, Perfil de salud, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital General Martín Icaza, Cantón Babahoyo, Ecuador