Sepsis neonatal factores de riesgo y evolución clínica de pacientes atendidos con diagnóstico sospecha, estudio realizado en el Hospital General Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor en el período del 2015
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La sepsis neonatal se incrementó en los últimos diez años en el mundo entero, con alrededor 30% de incidencia en el periodo neonatal, lo que me llevó a formular como objetivo, determinar los factores de riesgo de la sepsis neonatal y la evolución clínica de los pacientes atendidos con diagnóstico de sospecha en el Hospital General Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor, durante el año 2015; para el efecto se seleccionó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, bibliográfico, de campo, cuantitativo, considerando una muestra de 100 neonatos y sus madres, revisándose las historias clínicas de los neonatos, evidenciándose como resultados más importantes que se identificaron como factores de riesgos de sepsis neonatal, la fiebre intraparto en 61% y rotura prolongada de membranas en 67% de las madres previo al parto, colonización con EGB en 48% de neonatos; además 36% de mujeres pertenecen al sector rural y 60% a los grupos etarios adolescentes y primigestas añosas, con 34% de neonatos prematuros presentó bajo peso al nacer, por una condición de malnutrición de la madre; 85% de los neonatos tuvo su primer ingreso después del nacimiento, hospitalizados de 4 a 7 días en promedio, pero al final el 99% de los neonatos se mantuvo con vida, comprobándose la hipótesis de que la exposición a estos factores sí estuvo relacionada a la evolución clínica de los recién nacidos con sospecha de diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal, objeto de estudio. La alternativa propuesta para mejorar el control de los factores de riesgo de sepsis neonatal, se llevó a cabo a través de la información para la mujer embarazada acerca de la minimización de dichos factores para reducir el riesgo potencial de diagnóstico de sepsis en el recién nacido.
The neonatal sepsis increased in the last ten years in the world, with around 30% incidence in the neonatal period, which led to formulate the objective, identify the risk factors of neonatal sepsis and to determine the clinical outcome of patients treated with diagnosis in the General Hospital Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor during 2015; to effect a quantitative descriptive, transversal, literature review, field, was selected considering a sample of 100 infants and their mothers, reviewing the medical records of the infants, evidenced most important results that were identified as risk factors neonatal sepsis, intrapartum fever by 61% and prolonged rupture of membranes in 67% of mothers prior to delivery, GBS colonization in 48% of infants; plus 36% of women belong to the rural sector and 60% to the age group and aged primiparous adolescents, 34% of premature infants presented low birth weight, by a condition of malnutrition of the mother; 85% of infants had their first income after birth, hospitalized for 4-7 days on average, but in the end 99% of infants were kept alive, proving the hypothesis that exposure to these factors do was related to the clinical outcome of infants with suspected diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, under study. The alternative proposal to improve the control of risk factors for neonatal sepsis, was conducted through the information to pregnant women about minimizing these factors to reduce the potential risk of diagnosis of sepsis in the newborn.
The neonatal sepsis increased in the last ten years in the world, with around 30% incidence in the neonatal period, which led to formulate the objective, identify the risk factors of neonatal sepsis and to determine the clinical outcome of patients treated with diagnosis in the General Hospital Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor during 2015; to effect a quantitative descriptive, transversal, literature review, field, was selected considering a sample of 100 infants and their mothers, reviewing the medical records of the infants, evidenced most important results that were identified as risk factors neonatal sepsis, intrapartum fever by 61% and prolonged rupture of membranes in 67% of mothers prior to delivery, GBS colonization in 48% of infants; plus 36% of women belong to the rural sector and 60% to the age group and aged primiparous adolescents, 34% of premature infants presented low birth weight, by a condition of malnutrition of the mother; 85% of infants had their first income after birth, hospitalized for 4-7 days on average, but in the end 99% of infants were kept alive, proving the hypothesis that exposure to these factors do was related to the clinical outcome of infants with suspected diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, under study. The alternative proposal to improve the control of risk factors for neonatal sepsis, was conducted through the information to pregnant women about minimizing these factors to reduce the potential risk of diagnosis of sepsis in the newborn.
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Sepsis neonatal, Factores de riesgo, Diagnóstico, Hospital General Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor, Cantón Santa Elena, Ecuador, Evolución clínica