Estudio fitoquímico de los metabolitos secundarios presente en el fruto del Sechium Edule (Jacq.) Sw. (Chayote)
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
El fruto del Sechium edule(chayote) es considerado comestible y medicinal en las poblaciones donde se desarrolla, especialmente en Colombia y México, donde la emplean como receta medicinal para bajar los niveles de azúcar en la sangre, también la usan como vermífugo en los niños pequeños y por sus propiedades antioxidantes. Son escasos los estudios realizados en la planta con fines de la elaboración de fitofármacos, por lo que en este trabajo se realizó el estudio farmacognóstico y fitoquímico del fruto, encontrando los siguientes resultados. Se determinaron los parámetros de calidad de los frutos del chayote y los mismos se encontraron dentro de los rangos aceptados por las farmacopeas, con excepción de la humedad relativa que presentó valores elevados. Se determinaron los metabolitos presentes en el fruto, encontrando la presencia de flavonoides, compuestos fenólicos azúcares y alcaloides fundamentalmente. Los compuestos identificados por tamizaje fitoquímico han sido informados como metabolitos responsables de la actividad farmacológica de la planta y confirman los usos dados por la medicina tradicional. En el extracto hexánico se identificaron fundamentalmente hidrocarburos y ácidos grasos, lo cual concuerda con lo informado en la literatura
The fruit of Sechium edule (chayote) is considered edible and medicinal in the populations where it develops, especially in Colombia and Mexico, where it is used as a medicinal recipe to lower blood sugar levels, it is also used as an anthelmintic in young children and for its antioxidant properties. There are few studies carried out in the plant for the purpose of preparing phytopharmaceuticals, so in this work the pharmacognostic and phytochemical study of the fruit was performed, finding the following results. The quality parameters of the chayote fruits were determined and they were found within the ranges accepted by the pharmacopoeias, with the exception of the relative humidity that presented high values. The metabolites present in the fruit were determined, finding the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds sugars and alkaloids fundamentally. The compounds identified by phytochemical screening have been reported as metabolites responsible for the pharmacological activity of the plant and confirm the uses given by traditional medicine. In the hexane extract, hydrocarbons and fatty acids were mainly identified, which agrees with that reported in the literature
The fruit of Sechium edule (chayote) is considered edible and medicinal in the populations where it develops, especially in Colombia and Mexico, where it is used as a medicinal recipe to lower blood sugar levels, it is also used as an anthelmintic in young children and for its antioxidant properties. There are few studies carried out in the plant for the purpose of preparing phytopharmaceuticals, so in this work the pharmacognostic and phytochemical study of the fruit was performed, finding the following results. The quality parameters of the chayote fruits were determined and they were found within the ranges accepted by the pharmacopoeias, with the exception of the relative humidity that presented high values. The metabolites present in the fruit were determined, finding the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds sugars and alkaloids fundamentally. The compounds identified by phytochemical screening have been reported as metabolites responsible for the pharmacological activity of the plant and confirm the uses given by traditional medicine. In the hexane extract, hydrocarbons and fatty acids were mainly identified, which agrees with that reported in the literature
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SECHIUM EDULE, ANTIOXIDANTES, FLAVONOIDES, FENÓLICOS, HIDROCARBUROS, ÁCIDOS GRASOS, FARMACOGNÓSTICO, FITOQUÍMICO