Nivel de ansiedad y factores asociados a la hospitalización de niños y adolescentes en el Hospital Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante 2017
Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La aparición de cualquier enfermedad en un niño genera un conflicto, si dicha enfermedad
requiere hospitalización; entonces el conflicto se agranda y aparece la ansiedad infantil. El
objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores asociados al nivel de ansiedad de niños y
adolescentes hospitalizados; para ello, se realizó un estudio observacional, en el hospital Dr.
Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, durante el periodo de Enero a Agosto del 2017, utilizando
como instrumento encuestas de dos cuestionarios de validez clínica significativa STAIC,
además se analizó los factores que influyen en el grado de ansiedad como son: personales,
biológicos, familiares e institucionales. Como resultados de los 92 pacientes estudiados el
33% presentaron nivel de ansiedad bajo, el 42% medio y el 25% alto. Se encontró mayor
nivel de ansiedad en el sexo femenino y el grupo etario corresponde de 11 a 15 años.
Además en comparación con los pacientes de larga estadía, los que presentaron solo días de
hospitalización y enfermedades agudas presentaron un mayor nivel de ansiedad. Existió una
asociación estadísticamente significativa entre una alta preocupación por el orden y la higiene
y desarrollo de alto nivel de ansiedad. Se concluye que todo niño y adolescente durante la
hospitalización presenta algún grado de ansiedad y existen factores como respuesta
emocional al evento de la hospitalización que contribuyen al aumento o disminución del
mismo, por lo cual es necesario tener conocimiento de esta problemática para de esta manera
dar un mejor abordaje clínico.
The appearance of any disease in a child generates a conflict, if said illness requires hospitalization; then the conflict is enlarged and childhood anxiety appears. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the anxiety level of hospitalized children and adolescents; For this purpose, an observational study was carried out at the Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante hospital, during the period from January to August 2017, using as an instrument surveys of two questionnaires of significant clinical validity, STAIC, and the factors that influence the degree of anxiety such as: personal, biological, family and institutional. As a result of the 92 patients studied, 33% had low anxiety level, 42% medium and 25% high. A higher level of anxiety was found in the female sex and the age group corresponds to 11 to 15 years. In addition, compared to long-stay patients, those who presented only days of hospitalization and acute diseases had a higher level of anxiety. There was a statistically significant association between a high concern for order and hygiene and the development of a high level of anxiety. It is concluded that every child and adolescent during hospitalization has some degree of anxiety and there are factors such as emotional response to the event of hospitalization that contribute to the increase or decrease of it, for which it is necessary to have knowledge of this problem in order to give a better clinical approach.
The appearance of any disease in a child generates a conflict, if said illness requires hospitalization; then the conflict is enlarged and childhood anxiety appears. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the anxiety level of hospitalized children and adolescents; For this purpose, an observational study was carried out at the Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante hospital, during the period from January to August 2017, using as an instrument surveys of two questionnaires of significant clinical validity, STAIC, and the factors that influence the degree of anxiety such as: personal, biological, family and institutional. As a result of the 92 patients studied, 33% had low anxiety level, 42% medium and 25% high. A higher level of anxiety was found in the female sex and the age group corresponds to 11 to 15 years. In addition, compared to long-stay patients, those who presented only days of hospitalization and acute diseases had a higher level of anxiety. There was a statistically significant association between a high concern for order and hygiene and the development of a high level of anxiety. It is concluded that every child and adolescent during hospitalization has some degree of anxiety and there are factors such as emotional response to the event of hospitalization that contribute to the increase or decrease of it, for which it is necessary to have knowledge of this problem in order to give a better clinical approach.
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Palabras clave
Ansiedad, Pacientes hospitalizados, Cuestionario STAIC, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Pediatría, Adolescente