Factores de riesgo cardiovascular y morbimortalidad en hemodiálisis en el Centro Dialcívar desde agosto 2016 hasta enero 2017
Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Esta investigación se basa en la asociación que existe en hemodiálisis y
factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, aumentando la morbimortalidad de estos pacientes debido a un manejo inadecuado de factores agravantes a su debido tiempo. Como objetivo
general se propone el identificar la asociación existente entre los pacientes en tratamiento de
hemodiálisis y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular; y como específicos: Conocer las
etiologías más frecuentes de insuficiencia renal crónica en los pacientes estudiados;
Determinar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular para los pacientes de hemodiálisis; Identificar y/o definir la población de mayor riesgo sometido a tratamiento sustitutivo de
hemodiálisis; Identificar las variables existentes y su relación con la morbimortalidad en este
grupo de pacientes.. El tipo de investigación Observacional, Descriptivo, correlacional, el
diseño de la investigación es no experimental, prospectivo, de corte transversal para los
pacientes en la unidad de hemodiálisis, tomados de diferentes turnos y que cumplan con el requisito de insuficiencia renal crónica en terapia dialítica. Como resultado se obtuvo las
etiologías más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial con el 69.5%, Diabetes mellitus con
23.7%, riñón poliquístico 3.4%; Además la morbilidad se ubicó en el 45.76% de los cuales el
85.18% necesitó ingreso hospitalario asociándose a complicaciones infectológicas seguida de
las Cardiovasculares y metabólicas; la glucosa se asoció como factor de riesgo asociado a morbilidad, no existió diferencia significativa en cuanto a la edad y sexo de los pacientes con
respecto a la mortalidad, y esta se ubicó en el 16.95% (10/59) en el grupo estudiado, de los
cuales el IAM predominó como causa única de cohorte.
This research is based on the association that exists in hemodialysis and cardiovascular risk factors, increasing the morbimortality of these patients due to improper handling of aggravating factors in due time. As a general objective, it is proposed to identify the existing association between patients on hemodialysis treatment and cardiovascular risk factors; And as specific: To know the most frequent etiologies of chronic renal failure in the patients studied; To determine cardiovascular risk factors for hemodialysis patients; Identify and / or define the highest-risk population undergoing hemodialysis replacement therapy; Identify existing variables and their relation to morbidity and mortality in this group of patients. The type of research Observational, Descriptive, correlational, research design is non-experimental, prospective, cross-sectional for patients in the hemodialysis unit, taken from different shifts and meeting the requirement of chronic renal failure in dialysis therapy. As a result, the most frequent etiologies were arterial hypertension with 69.5%, Diabetes mellitus with 23.7%, polycystic kidney 3.4%; In addition, the morbidity was located in 45.76% of whom 85.18% required hospital admission associated with infectious complications followed by Cardiovascular and metabolic complications. glucose was associated as a risk factor associated with morbidity. there was no significant difference in the age and sex of patients with regard to mortality, and this was 16.95% (10/59) in the study group, of which IAM predominated as a single cause of cohort.
This research is based on the association that exists in hemodialysis and cardiovascular risk factors, increasing the morbimortality of these patients due to improper handling of aggravating factors in due time. As a general objective, it is proposed to identify the existing association between patients on hemodialysis treatment and cardiovascular risk factors; And as specific: To know the most frequent etiologies of chronic renal failure in the patients studied; To determine cardiovascular risk factors for hemodialysis patients; Identify and / or define the highest-risk population undergoing hemodialysis replacement therapy; Identify existing variables and their relation to morbidity and mortality in this group of patients. The type of research Observational, Descriptive, correlational, research design is non-experimental, prospective, cross-sectional for patients in the hemodialysis unit, taken from different shifts and meeting the requirement of chronic renal failure in dialysis therapy. As a result, the most frequent etiologies were arterial hypertension with 69.5%, Diabetes mellitus with 23.7%, polycystic kidney 3.4%; In addition, the morbidity was located in 45.76% of whom 85.18% required hospital admission associated with infectious complications followed by Cardiovascular and metabolic complications. glucose was associated as a risk factor associated with morbidity. there was no significant difference in the age and sex of patients with regard to mortality, and this was 16.95% (10/59) in the study group, of which IAM predominated as a single cause of cohort.
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Palabras clave
Insuficiencia renal crónica, Riesgo cardiovascular, Diálisis renal, Epidemiología descriptiva, Centro de Hemodiálisis Dialcívar, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Factores de riesgo, Indicadores de morbimortalidad