Elevada emisión de gases y vapores en las islas de carga de combustibles, del Terminal Pascuales de la EP Petroecuador; riesgos de incendio, explosión y su incidencia en la salud de los trabajadores; diseño de un plan de acción para la aplicación de las medidas de control correspondientes.
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2014-04-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
Resumen
sido calificadas de alto riesgo, desde el inicio de la explotación petrolera por su
poder contaminante; siendo una de esas manifestaciones las emisiones de gases y vapores presentes en el proceso de almacenamiento y despacho de los denominados productos limpios, resultantes de la refinación del crudo de petróleo, que contaminan el ambiente, deterioran
la calidad del aire y afectan la salud de los trabajadores, involucrados en dicho proceso, debido al largo tiempo de exposición a que están
obligados, con una jornada laboral diaria de 12 a 14 horas. Asimismo, debido a que el Terminal Pascuales, es el centro de almacenamiento de
grandes volúmenes de combustible, entraña un riesgo físico alto, proclive a un incendio o explosión, precisamente por la generación de gases y
vapores que emitidos a la atmósfera o bajo la influencia de temperaturas elevadas, puede ocasionar un accidente mayor. Con los hallazgos
efectuados, se realizó un estudio profundo del tema, que se inició con el análisis preliminar de riesgos, con la identificación, análisis y evaluación
de los mismos, en el proceso de despacho de combustibles; se hizo medición de gases y vapores por el Método Screaning. En base a las
metodologías de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, como el Método Fine y la Matriz de Riesgos, se identificaron los riesgos potenciales de incendio,
por la falta de un sistema de detección de incendios adecuado. La metodología de la investigación que se utilizó, es de tipo cualitativo
basada en la evaluación de riesgos, empleando métodos descriptivos y correlaciónales, que permitió verificar las variables de la hipótesis. La
propuesta para reducir el nivel de riesgos de incendio, en las Islas de Carga, se basa en la implementación de un sistema de detección y
extinción automatizados, con dispositivos detectores de flama y gases, para mejorar la seguridad y la operatividad del área y su acción permita ahorro de pérdidas económicas a la empresa por derrames, elevar el
nivel de satisfacción del cliente y cumplir el objetivo de prevenir pérdidas humanas, daños materiales y desabastecimiento de productos limpios,
ante la ocurrencia de un incendio de magnitud incontrolable. Palabras temáticas: Identificar. Evaluar, Valorar, Gestionar, Controlar, Formular y Evidenciar.
The emissions operations in General, have been qualified high risk, since the start of the oil exploitation by its polluting power; being one of these manifestations emissions of gases and vapors present in the process of storing and shipping of the so-called clean products; resulting from the refining of crude oil, which pollute the environment, impair the quality of the air and affect the health of workers involved in process, due to the longtime of exposure which are obliged, with a daily workday of 12 to 14 hours. Also, since the Pascuales`s Terminal, is the center of storage of large volumes of fuel, it involves a physical risk high, prone to a fire or explosion, precisely because of the generation of gases and vapors that emitted into the atmosphere or under the influence of high temperatures, it can cause one major accident. With the findings made, conducted an in- depth study of the issue, which began with the preliminary analysis of hazards, with the identification, analysis and evaluation of them, in the process of fuels; measurement of gases and vapors by the Screaning method is made. On the basis of methodologies of safety and health at work, as the Fine method and the matrix of risks, the potential risks of fire, were identified by the lack of an adequate system of fire detection. The research methodology that was used, is qualitative type based on risk assessment, using methods descriptive and correlational, which allowed check variables in the hypothesis. The proposal to reduce the risk of fire, in the islands of load level is based on the implementation of a system of automated, with detectors devices of flame and gases, detection and extinction to improve the safety and operability of the area, and its action allow saving of economic losses to the company by spills, raise the level of customer satisfaction, and comply with the aim of preventing loss of life, material damage and shortages of clean products, before the occurrence of a fire of uncontrollable magnitude. Thematic words: identify. Evaluate, assess, manage, control, formulate and demonstrate.
The emissions operations in General, have been qualified high risk, since the start of the oil exploitation by its polluting power; being one of these manifestations emissions of gases and vapors present in the process of storing and shipping of the so-called clean products; resulting from the refining of crude oil, which pollute the environment, impair the quality of the air and affect the health of workers involved in process, due to the longtime of exposure which are obliged, with a daily workday of 12 to 14 hours. Also, since the Pascuales`s Terminal, is the center of storage of large volumes of fuel, it involves a physical risk high, prone to a fire or explosion, precisely because of the generation of gases and vapors that emitted into the atmosphere or under the influence of high temperatures, it can cause one major accident. With the findings made, conducted an in- depth study of the issue, which began with the preliminary analysis of hazards, with the identification, analysis and evaluation of them, in the process of fuels; measurement of gases and vapors by the Screaning method is made. On the basis of methodologies of safety and health at work, as the Fine method and the matrix of risks, the potential risks of fire, were identified by the lack of an adequate system of fire detection. The research methodology that was used, is qualitative type based on risk assessment, using methods descriptive and correlational, which allowed check variables in the hypothesis. The proposal to reduce the risk of fire, in the islands of load level is based on the implementation of a system of automated, with detectors devices of flame and gases, detection and extinction to improve the safety and operability of the area, and its action allow saving of economic losses to the company by spills, raise the level of customer satisfaction, and comply with the aim of preventing loss of life, material damage and shortages of clean products, before the occurrence of a fire of uncontrollable magnitude. Thematic words: identify. Evaluate, assess, manage, control, formulate and demonstrate.
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SEGURIDAD, HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL, EMISIÓN DE GASES Y VAPORES, ISLAS DE CARGA DE COMBUSTIBLES, SALUD DE LOS TRABAJADORES