Correlación entre diagnóstico imagenológico e histopatológico de patología mamaria en el Servicio de Mastología del Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor durante el años 2015
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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La patología mamaria es uno de los temas más importantes en el ámbito ginecoobstétrico. Preferentemente afecta a mujeres en edad fértil aunque también se presentan en número importante durante el climaterio. El diagnóstico de estas patologías comprende el examen clínico y el uso de métodos como la ecografía y mamografía principalmente. Se ha demostrado que en conjunto, estas pruebas ayudan al diagnóstico temprano de cáncer de mama; sin embargo, es importante reconocer las características radiológicas de las lesiones benignas y malignas, y a su vez corroborarlas con el estudio anatomopatológico. En este estudio se revisaron varios conceptos sobre la patología mamaria, las bases del diagnóstico y la utilidad de los exámenes complementarios. El objetivo principal fue establecer el valor diagnóstico entre los estudios de imágenes e histopatología en la patología mamaria. La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo y correlacional, de diseño no experimental, longitudinal y retrospectivo, que incluyó a todas las pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor en el Área de Mastología durante el año 2015. Se pudo concluir que los estudios de imágenes tuvieron poco valor diagnóstico en las patologías de mama ya que el 100% de las pacientes presentaron un diagnóstico histopatológico de neoplasia maligna con una estirpe histológica específica. Mientras que solamente el 33% de los casos fueron reportados como BI-RADS 5 y el 38% de los casos se reportó como casos no concluyentes es decir BI-RADS 0 y en general presentaron una sensibilidad del 67.7%. Esto indica que es necesario realizar un examen físico exhaustivo en busca de masas palpables en mamas, realizar un estudio de imagen y complementar con el análisis histopatológico de la lesión para llegar al diagnóstico definitivo y proveer un mejor tratamiento a las pacientes que acuden al Área de Mastología de esta institución.
Breast diseases are one of the most important topics in the obstetrical and gynecological field. They mostly affect fertile women, but they also present on climacteric women. The diagnosis of these diseases includes clinical examination and the use of diagnostic methods such as ultrasound and mammography. It has been shown that all these tests help the early diagnosis of breast cancer; however, it is important to recognize the radiological characteristics of benign and malignant lesions, and to corroborate them with the pathological study. In this study, there are several concepts about breast diseases, their diagnosis and the use of complementary tests. The main objective was to establish the diagnostic value between imaging modalities and histopathology in breast disease. This study was descriptive and correlational, with non-experimental, longitudinal and retrospective design. That included all patients attended by the specialty of Mastology at Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor during 2015. It was possible to conclude that imaging methods had a low value in the diagnosis of breast diseases due to 100% of the patients presented a malign neoplasm reported by the histopathological exam. Only 33% of the cases were reported as BI-RADS 5 and 38% of the cases were reported as non-conclusive, it means BI-RADS 0, and they had a sensibility of 67.7%. This situation indicates that it is necessary to practice a good clinical exam looking for breast tumors, perform an imaging study and complement with histopathological exam to get a definitive diagnosis to give a better treatment to the patients attended by the specialty of Mastology in the institution.
Breast diseases are one of the most important topics in the obstetrical and gynecological field. They mostly affect fertile women, but they also present on climacteric women. The diagnosis of these diseases includes clinical examination and the use of diagnostic methods such as ultrasound and mammography. It has been shown that all these tests help the early diagnosis of breast cancer; however, it is important to recognize the radiological characteristics of benign and malignant lesions, and to corroborate them with the pathological study. In this study, there are several concepts about breast diseases, their diagnosis and the use of complementary tests. The main objective was to establish the diagnostic value between imaging modalities and histopathology in breast disease. This study was descriptive and correlational, with non-experimental, longitudinal and retrospective design. That included all patients attended by the specialty of Mastology at Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor during 2015. It was possible to conclude that imaging methods had a low value in the diagnosis of breast diseases due to 100% of the patients presented a malign neoplasm reported by the histopathological exam. Only 33% of the cases were reported as BI-RADS 5 and 38% of the cases were reported as non-conclusive, it means BI-RADS 0, and they had a sensibility of 67.7%. This situation indicates that it is necessary to practice a good clinical exam looking for breast tumors, perform an imaging study and complement with histopathological exam to get a definitive diagnosis to give a better treatment to the patients attended by the specialty of Mastology in the institution.
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Neoplasias de la mama, Ultrasonografía, Mamografía, Histopatología, Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Enfermedades de la mama, Diagnóstico por imagen