Caracterización de la depresión puerperal y sus riesgos en madres atendidas en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
La Depresión Post Parto es un trastorno depresivo del ánimo que se caracteriza por la falta de interés y rechazo de las madres hacia sus hijos en el periodo de puerperio hasta aproximadamente un año después del parto, afectando la salud de la paciente. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo Caracterizar la depresión puerperal y sus riesgos, en madres atendidas en el Hospital Universitario De Guayaquil durante el periodo de septiembre 2017 a febrero 2018. El tipo de investigación fue descriptivo, analítico de corte transversal y de enfoque cuantitativo. Los métodos que se usaron para la recolección de datos fueron encuestas, historias clínicas y la Escala de Edimburgh. Sobre una muestra de 94 pacientes aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Entre los resultados se identifica que el 66% de pacientes presentaron depresión moderada, El mayor porcentaje de pacientes con depresión posparto fluctúan entre los 16 a 20 años en un 34%. Entre los factores de riesgo el 45% son solteras, En cuanto al nivel socioeconómico el 74% es bajo, el 52% de pacientes alcanzo una instrucción secundaria, el 62% no presento antecedentes de depresión posparto. Como consecuencia de la depresión posparto el riesgo más común fue la conducta agresiva en un 63%. La depresión posparto moderada es una condición que se presenta frecuente en las pacientes y que no es tratada debidamente. Es recomendable que se refuercen los vínculos afectivos dentro del núcleo familiar que permita disminuir el impacto de la depresión en las pacientes luego del parto.
PALABRAS CLAVES: DEPRESION PUERPERAL, POSPARTO, RIESGOS, PUERPERIO
Postpartum depression is a depressive disorder of the mind that is characterized by the lack of interest and rejection of mothers towards their children in the period of postnatal period until approximately one year after childbirth, affecting the health of the patient. The present study aims to characterize the postpartum depression and its risks in mothers treated in the University Hospital of Guayaquil during the period of September 2017 to February 2018. The type of research was descriptive, analytic cross-sectional and quantitative approach. The methods used for data collection were surveys, case histories and the scale of Edinburgh. On a sample of 94 patients, applying the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Among the results is identified that 66% of patients presented moderate depression, the greater percentage of patients with postpartum depression range from age 16 to 20 by 34%. Among risk factors, 45% are single, in terms of the socio-economic level 74% is low, 52% of patients reached a secondary instruction, 62% do not present a history of postpartum depression. As a result of post-partum depression more common risk was the aggressive conduct by 63%. Moderate postpartum depression is a condition that occurs frequently in patients and that is not treated properly. It is advisable to reinforce the emotional ties within the family nucleus, allowing to reduce the impact of depression in patients after birth.
Postpartum depression is a depressive disorder of the mind that is characterized by the lack of interest and rejection of mothers towards their children in the period of postnatal period until approximately one year after childbirth, affecting the health of the patient. The present study aims to characterize the postpartum depression and its risks in mothers treated in the University Hospital of Guayaquil during the period of September 2017 to February 2018. The type of research was descriptive, analytic cross-sectional and quantitative approach. The methods used for data collection were surveys, case histories and the scale of Edinburgh. On a sample of 94 patients, applying the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Among the results is identified that 66% of patients presented moderate depression, the greater percentage of patients with postpartum depression range from age 16 to 20 by 34%. Among risk factors, 45% are single, in terms of the socio-economic level 74% is low, 52% of patients reached a secondary instruction, 62% do not present a history of postpartum depression. As a result of post-partum depression more common risk was the aggressive conduct by 63%. Moderate postpartum depression is a condition that occurs frequently in patients and that is not treated properly. It is advisable to reinforce the emotional ties within the family nucleus, allowing to reduce the impact of depression in patients after birth.
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Depresión posparto, Factores de riesgo, Período posparto, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador