Determinación de coeficientes de Descarga en orificios Circulares de 6 mm a 48 mm de diámetro, de pared delgada no sumergidos en modelos físicos.
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Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil
Resumen
Este proyecto investigativo tiene como objetivo la determinación de los coeficientes de descarga para orificios circulares, no sumergidos, debido a la poca información bibliográfica encontrada acerca de dichos coeficientes
En el Laboratorio Piloto de Hidráulica de la Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas, Universidad de Guayaquil – Ecuador, se llevó a cabo la construcción del modelo físico en el cual se realizó los ensayos experimentales de laboratorio. En una tubería de PVC de 160 mm de diámetro nominal se ensamblaron 8 placas cuadradas de 100 mm de lado, con orificios circulares, diseñadas y construidas en polimetilmetacrilato (acrílico). Los orificios de las placas tienen diámetros que van desde los 6 mm a 48 mm.
Se consideró de forma aproximada 300 datos obtenidos de forma experimental, en donde el caudal se evaluó de forma volumétrica y el coeficiente de descarga fue determinado por medio de la relación caudal real y caudal teórico. Los coeficientes de descarga encontrados oscilan entre 0,76 – 0,56, los cuales se muestran en el ábaco FCMF-UG-Cd-OCPD-2018.
Realizando comparaciones con fuentes bibliográficas se concluye que los valores obtenidos de coeficientes de descarga son válidos, según las condiciones de flujo que se esté estudiando.
La obtención de coeficientes de descarga es de gran aporte a estructuras en las cuales los orificios están presentes, tales como desarenadores, captaciones y sumideros.
The objective of this research project is to determine the discharge coefficients for orifices thin-walled non-submerged, due to the little bibliographic information found about these coefficients. In the Pilot Laboratory of Hydraulics of the Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Guayaquil - Ecuador, the construction of the physical model was carried out in which the experimental laboratory tests were carried out. In a PVC pipe of 160 mm nominal diameter, 8 square plates of 100 mm side were assembled, with circular orifices, designed and constructed in polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic). The orifices in the plates have diameters ranging from 6 mm to 48 mm. Approximately 300 experimental data were considered, where the real flow was evaluated volumetrically and the discharge coefficient was determined by the relationship between real flow and theoretical flow. The discharge coefficients found range between 0.76 - 0.56, data presented in the abacus FCMF-UG-Cd-OCPD- 2018. By means of comparisons with bibliographic sources, it is concluded that the values obtained from discharge coefficients are valid, according to the flow conditions that are being studied. The obtaining of discharge coefficients is of great contribution to structures in which the orifices are present, such as sand traps, water catchments and sinks.
The objective of this research project is to determine the discharge coefficients for orifices thin-walled non-submerged, due to the little bibliographic information found about these coefficients. In the Pilot Laboratory of Hydraulics of the Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Guayaquil - Ecuador, the construction of the physical model was carried out in which the experimental laboratory tests were carried out. In a PVC pipe of 160 mm nominal diameter, 8 square plates of 100 mm side were assembled, with circular orifices, designed and constructed in polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic). The orifices in the plates have diameters ranging from 6 mm to 48 mm. Approximately 300 experimental data were considered, where the real flow was evaluated volumetrically and the discharge coefficient was determined by the relationship between real flow and theoretical flow. The discharge coefficients found range between 0.76 - 0.56, data presented in the abacus FCMF-UG-Cd-OCPD- 2018. By means of comparisons with bibliographic sources, it is concluded that the values obtained from discharge coefficients are valid, according to the flow conditions that are being studied. The obtaining of discharge coefficients is of great contribution to structures in which the orifices are present, such as sand traps, water catchments and sinks.
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Orificios Circulares, Coeficientes de Descargas, Orificios de pared Delgada, Polimetilmetacrilato