Valoración del estado nutricional de los pacientes pediátricos y su impacto en el tiempo de hospitalización
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La desnutrición hospitalaria, según UNICEF, es la principal causa del aumento
de la morbilidad infecciosa y de la prolongación de días de hospitalización. En este
sentido un estudio denominado Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición determinó que
un 48,1% de los pacientes hospitalizados son malnutridos y el 12,6% padecen
desnutrición severa. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo general determinar la
relación del tiempo de estancia hospitalaria con el estado nutricional de los pacientes
pediátricos hospitalizados en el Hospital de Niños León Becerra. La investigación es de
alcance descriptivo de diseño no experimental de corte transversal aplicado a una
muestra de 165 pacientes de ambos sexos, mayores de 1 mes de vida hospitalizados por
más de 48 horas. Los resultados obtenidos mediante esta investigación son los
siguientes, el principal grupo poblacional afectado fueron las preescolares de sexo
femenino (30,9%), la prevalencia de desnutrición fue del 10,9%. Además, se determinó
una correlación entre la estancia hospitalaria con los valores de hematocrito,
hemoglobina y puntuación Score z (p < 0,05). De manera que se detectó a los grupos en
riesgo de desnutrición y a su vez, se elabora una guía para establecer el riesgo
nutricional que sería de mucho beneficio de los pacientes hospitalizados ofreciéndoles
la oportunidad de una intervención nutricional selectiva para mejorar su desarrollo y no
prolongar la estadía hospitalaria.
Hospital malnutrition, according to UNICEF, is the main cause of the increase in infectious morbidity and the prolongation of days of hospitalization. In this sense, a study called Latin American Nutrition Study found that 48.1% of hospitalized patients are malnourished and 12.6% suffer from severe malnutrition. The present research has as general objective to determine the relation of the time of hospital stay with the nutritional status of hospitalized pediatric patients in the Hospital of Children Leon Becerra. The research is of descriptive scope of non-experimental cross-sectional design applied to a sample of 165 patients of both sexes, older than 1 month of hospitalized for more than 48 hours. The results obtained by this research are as follows, the main population group affected were female preschoolers (30.9%), the prevalence of malnutrition was 10.9%. In addition, a correlation was determined between hospital stay with hematocrit, hemoglobin and Score z scores (p <0.05). Thus, the groups at risk of malnutrition were detected and, in turn, a guide to establish the nutritional risk that would be of great benefit to the hospitalized patients was made offering them the opportunity of a selective nutritional intervention to improve their development and not to prolong the Hospital stay
Hospital malnutrition, according to UNICEF, is the main cause of the increase in infectious morbidity and the prolongation of days of hospitalization. In this sense, a study called Latin American Nutrition Study found that 48.1% of hospitalized patients are malnourished and 12.6% suffer from severe malnutrition. The present research has as general objective to determine the relation of the time of hospital stay with the nutritional status of hospitalized pediatric patients in the Hospital of Children Leon Becerra. The research is of descriptive scope of non-experimental cross-sectional design applied to a sample of 165 patients of both sexes, older than 1 month of hospitalized for more than 48 hours. The results obtained by this research are as follows, the main population group affected were female preschoolers (30.9%), the prevalence of malnutrition was 10.9%. In addition, a correlation was determined between hospital stay with hematocrit, hemoglobin and Score z scores (p <0.05). Thus, the groups at risk of malnutrition were detected and, in turn, a guide to establish the nutritional risk that would be of great benefit to the hospitalized patients was made offering them the opportunity of a selective nutritional intervention to improve their development and not to prolong the Hospital stay
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ESTADO NUTRICIONAL, PEDIATRIA, PACIENTES INTERNOS, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, HOSPITAL LEON BECERRA DE GUAYAQUIL, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR