Aplicación de la artroplastia total de cadera no cementada en pacientes menores de 50 años Hospital Alcívar 1990-2008
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2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Gluck diseñó la artroplastia con reemplazo total de cadera en 1890, la cual fue iniciada en Londres por Wiles con componentes acetabulares y femorales de acero inoxidable, por este motivo se formuló como objetivo aplicar la técnica quirúrgica de la artroplastia total de cadera no cementada en pacientes menores de 50 años, evaluados en el periodo comprendido entre 1990 al 2008 en el postoperatorio del Hospital Alcívar, mediante la escala de Mayo Clinic, para mejorar así la calidad de vida del paciente; para lo cual se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo bibliográfica y de campo, con empleo de la encuesta y el cuestionario aplicado a los pacientes a quienes se intervino con la artroplastia total de cadera no cementada, seleccionando una muestra de 40 usuarios cuyas tres cuartas partes fueron mujeres mayores de 40 años de edad, que padecieron de luxación congénita, artritis deformante y traumática, siendo el lado afecto de mayor prevalencia, el costado derecho, observándose como principales resultados que la fijación proporcionada es adecuada a más de 20 años en más de 80% de los casos, la gran mayoría de causas se producen por procesos artrósicos, la ubicación del componente femoral más del 50% en nuestro estudio es en posición correcta (neutra), el desgaste del polietileno se halla entre 1 – 2mm, en la escala de la Clínica Mayo se puede apreciar que más del 80% de los pacientes no presentaron dolor, la distancias a caminar encontramos en el 70% de los casos es hasta 10 cuadras, en lo referente al uso de muletas o bastón 67,3% no lo utiliza, la capacidad de movilizarse en el vehículo, la claudicación para la marcha, cuidado de los pies y el subir escaleras indican que más del 50% no presentaron ningún tipo de dificultades; evidenciándose que el tiempo promedio de duración de esta técnica quirúrgica es de aproximadamente 10 a 15 años, preservando la calidad ósea para recambio a futuro.
Gluck designed arthroplasty total hip replacement in 1890, which was started in London by Wiles with acetabular and femoral components of stainless steel, which is why it was formulated objective is to apply the surgical technique of total hip arthroplasty without cement in patients under 50 years, evaluated in the period from 1990 to 2008 in the postoperative Alcívar Hospital by Mayo Clinic scale, in order to improve the quality of life of the patient; for which a descriptive, cross-sectional quantitative approach, bibliographic and field type was performed with use of the survey and the questionnaire administered to patients who underwent surgery with total hip arthroplasty without cement, selecting a sample of 40 users whose three-quarters were women over 40 years of age who suffered from congenital dislocation, disfiguring and traumatic arthritis, being the affection most prevalent side, right side, showing main results that the attachment provided is adequate to more than 20 years in over 80% of cases, the large majority of cases are caused by arthrosis processes, the location of the femoral component over 50% in this study is in the correct position (neutral) polyethylene wear is between 1 - 2mm, on the scale of the Mayo Clinic can be seen that over 80% of patients had no pain, walking distances found in 70% of cases is up to 10 blocks, with regard to the use crutches or cane 67.3% do not use it, the ability to mobilize the vehicle, surrender to the march, foot care and climbing stairs indicate that more than 50% did not experience any difficulties; and conclude that the average duration of this surgical technique is about 10 to 15 years, preserving bone quality for future replacement.
Gluck designed arthroplasty total hip replacement in 1890, which was started in London by Wiles with acetabular and femoral components of stainless steel, which is why it was formulated objective is to apply the surgical technique of total hip arthroplasty without cement in patients under 50 years, evaluated in the period from 1990 to 2008 in the postoperative Alcívar Hospital by Mayo Clinic scale, in order to improve the quality of life of the patient; for which a descriptive, cross-sectional quantitative approach, bibliographic and field type was performed with use of the survey and the questionnaire administered to patients who underwent surgery with total hip arthroplasty without cement, selecting a sample of 40 users whose three-quarters were women over 40 years of age who suffered from congenital dislocation, disfiguring and traumatic arthritis, being the affection most prevalent side, right side, showing main results that the attachment provided is adequate to more than 20 years in over 80% of cases, the large majority of cases are caused by arthrosis processes, the location of the femoral component over 50% in this study is in the correct position (neutral) polyethylene wear is between 1 - 2mm, on the scale of the Mayo Clinic can be seen that over 80% of patients had no pain, walking distances found in 70% of cases is up to 10 blocks, with regard to the use crutches or cane 67.3% do not use it, the ability to mobilize the vehicle, surrender to the march, foot care and climbing stairs indicate that more than 50% did not experience any difficulties; and conclude that the average duration of this surgical technique is about 10 to 15 years, preserving bone quality for future replacement.
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Artroplastia total de cadera no cementada, Escala clínica de Mayo, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital Alcívar, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador