Factores de riesgo y complicaciones de la pseudoartrosis postraumática de la tibia
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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La pseudoartrosis está presente en el 10% de todas las fracturas y en la tibia puede llegar hasta el 50%, especialmente en expuestas, lo que conduce a una incapacidad laboral prolongada, pérdida de empleo y altos costos sociales. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la correlación entre los factores de riesgo y las complicaciones de la pseudoartrosis postraumática de la tibia en el hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el período 20112014. La metodología fue de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo analítica, retrospectiva y transversal que analizó 56 pacientes con pseudoartrosis de tibia durante el periodo del 1 de enero del 2011 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2014 pertenecientes al Hospital Regional Teodoro Maldonado Carbo de Guayaquil comparados con un grupo control sin pseudoartrosis. Dentro de los resultados, se encontró que el sexo masculino predominó en el 75% (c:42) en el grupo de pseudoartrosis. El grupo etario de adultos medios fue el más frecuente en ambos grupos, 57,10% en grupo de casos y 58,90% en grupo control. El 67,90% (38) presentó factores de riesgo asociados en el grupo de pseudoartrosis. Del grupo de pseudoartrosis, el 39,30% (22) desarrolló complicaciones relacionadas con la patología. La principal complicación en el grupo de pseudoartrosis la deformidad en varo (45,50%). Se concluye que existe asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de pseudoartrosis y el accidente de tránsito (p 0,002), arma de fuego (p 0,028), exposición traumática (p 0,000), defecto óseo (0,003), apertura de foco de fractura (p 0,015) y tabaquismo (p 0,018). El traumatismo por arma de fuego aumenta el riesgo 7 veces mayor para pseudoartrosis y la presencia de factores asociados aumenta el riesgo 32 veces para desarrollar complicaciones secundarias a la pseudoartrosis.
Non union accounts for 10% of all fractures and tibia’s fractures can reach up to 50%, especially in open fractures, which leads to prolonged incapacity for work, loss of employment and high social costs. The objective of the study was to analyze the correlation between risk factors and complications of non union tibial in the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital in the period 2011-2014. The methodology was a quantitative, analytical, retrospective and longitudinal cut approach that analyzed 56 patients with non union from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2014 at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Regional Hospital in Guayaquil. Within the results, it was found that the male sex predominated in 75% (c: 42) in the non union group. The average adult age group was the most frequent in both groups, 57.10% in the case group and 58.90% in the control group. 67.90% (38) presented associated risk factors in the non union group. Of the non union group, 39.30% (22) developed complications related to pathology. The main complication in the non union group was varus deformity (45.50%). It concludes that there is a statistically significant association between the presence of non union and the traffic accident (p 0.002), firearm (p 0.028), open fractures (p .000), bone defect (0.003), and smoking (p 0.018). Gun trauma increases the risk 7-fold higher for non union and the presence of associated factors increases the risk 32-fold to develop complications secondary to non union
Non union accounts for 10% of all fractures and tibia’s fractures can reach up to 50%, especially in open fractures, which leads to prolonged incapacity for work, loss of employment and high social costs. The objective of the study was to analyze the correlation between risk factors and complications of non union tibial in the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital in the period 2011-2014. The methodology was a quantitative, analytical, retrospective and longitudinal cut approach that analyzed 56 patients with non union from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2014 at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Regional Hospital in Guayaquil. Within the results, it was found that the male sex predominated in 75% (c: 42) in the non union group. The average adult age group was the most frequent in both groups, 57.10% in the case group and 58.90% in the control group. 67.90% (38) presented associated risk factors in the non union group. Of the non union group, 39.30% (22) developed complications related to pathology. The main complication in the non union group was varus deformity (45.50%). It concludes that there is a statistically significant association between the presence of non union and the traffic accident (p 0.002), firearm (p 0.028), open fractures (p .000), bone defect (0.003), and smoking (p 0.018). Gun trauma increases the risk 7-fold higher for non union and the presence of associated factors increases the risk 32-fold to develop complications secondary to non union
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Fracturas de la tibia, Seudoartrosis, Factores de riesgo, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Complicaciones