Análisis para la creación de una empresa comercializadora de la fruta exótica pitahaya
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Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas
Resumen
Ecuador es un productor de materias primas, lo que ha permitido a muchos productores de pitahaya exportar el producto al exterior, sin embargo el total de la producción está siendo vendida totalmente a mercados extranjeros. El mercado local está cubierto por productos sin calidad ni control, obtenidos en ambientes silvestres por el antecedente que el producto demandaría costos de control y el ecuatoriano no estaría dispuesto a pagar por un control de calidad.
Los productos sin procesos de industrialización impiden tener un diferencial en percha, donde el consumidor no puede seleccionar de manera correcta por empresas o marcas los productos que compran, tornándose en una competencia directamente el precio. Sin embargo en mercados internacionales, los importadores tanto de banano como cacao exigen condiciones en el tema de la compra de sus productos, generando que estas empresas tengan cuidado en la selección de productos que sacan al mercado, es decir implementar un control de calidad.
Frente a esta posible oportunidad de negocios se plantea realizar un modelo de negocios que aborde temas relacionados con el control de calidad del producto, además de un modelo de distribución que garantice que la pitahaya llegue en buen estado hacia las manos del cliente, de manera que justifique el pago adicional por encima de los competidores que ofertan el producto sin ningún tipo de control técnico.
El proyecto requiere una alta inversión debido al equipo de trabajo y las inversiones manejan un precio muy caro en el mercado, además de requerir una alta rotación del inventario para alcanzar un punto de equilibrio. Como resultado se obtuvo que el proyecto máximo en su beneficio alcanza una tasa interna de retorno del 28%, sin embargo de acuerdo a los estadísticos del mercado como la tasa de inflación y el riesgo país, la exigencia en rendimiento es del 11.13% es decir existe una factibilidad.
Para calcular la tasa de descuento del Valor Actual Neto se empleó la fórmula del costo promedio ponderado de capital, donde su resultado incluso es menor que el rendimiento exigido por los factores externos de la tasa de inflación y riesgo país, ya que los impuestos fueron menos por los escudos fiscales del gasto del apalancamiento financiero teniendo como resultado $ 17,714.74 indicando factibilidad por este cálculo.
Ecuador is a producer of raw materials, which has allowed many pitahaya producers to export the product abroad, however the total production is being sold totally to foreign markets. The local market is covered by products without quality or control, obtained in wild environments because the product would demand control costs and the Ecuadorian would not be willing to pay for a quality control. Products without processes of industrialization prevent a differential in the hanger, where the consumer can not select correctly by companies or brands the products they buy, becoming a competition directly the price. However in international markets, importers of both banana and cocoa demand conditions in the subject of the purchase of their products, generating that these companies are careful in the selection of products that bring to the market, ie implement a quality control. Faced with this possible business opportunity, it is proposed to create a business model that addresses issues related to product quality control, as well as a distribution model that guarantees that the pitahaya arrives in good condition in the hands of the client, so that Justify the additional payment above the competitors who offer the product without any type of technical control. The project requires a high investment due to the work team and the investments handle a very expensive price in the market, besides requiring a high rotation of the inventory to reach a break even point. As a result it was obtained that the maximum project for its benefit reaches an internal rate of return of 28%, however according to market statistics such as inflation rate and country risk, the performance requirement is 11.13% ie There is a feasibility. To calculate the discount rate of the Net Present Value, we used the formula of the weighted average cost of capital, where its result is even lower than the yield demanded by the external factors of the rate of inflation and country risk, since the taxes were less By the fiscal shields of the financial leverage expense resulting in $ 17,714.74 indicating feasibility by this calculation.
Ecuador is a producer of raw materials, which has allowed many pitahaya producers to export the product abroad, however the total production is being sold totally to foreign markets. The local market is covered by products without quality or control, obtained in wild environments because the product would demand control costs and the Ecuadorian would not be willing to pay for a quality control. Products without processes of industrialization prevent a differential in the hanger, where the consumer can not select correctly by companies or brands the products they buy, becoming a competition directly the price. However in international markets, importers of both banana and cocoa demand conditions in the subject of the purchase of their products, generating that these companies are careful in the selection of products that bring to the market, ie implement a quality control. Faced with this possible business opportunity, it is proposed to create a business model that addresses issues related to product quality control, as well as a distribution model that guarantees that the pitahaya arrives in good condition in the hands of the client, so that Justify the additional payment above the competitors who offer the product without any type of technical control. The project requires a high investment due to the work team and the investments handle a very expensive price in the market, besides requiring a high rotation of the inventory to reach a break even point. As a result it was obtained that the maximum project for its benefit reaches an internal rate of return of 28%, however according to market statistics such as inflation rate and country risk, the performance requirement is 11.13% ie There is a feasibility. To calculate the discount rate of the Net Present Value, we used the formula of the weighted average cost of capital, where its result is even lower than the yield demanded by the external factors of the rate of inflation and country risk, since the taxes were less By the fiscal shields of the financial leverage expense resulting in $ 17,714.74 indicating feasibility by this calculation.
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Palabras clave
OFERTA, DEMANDA, PITAHAYA, CALIDAD