Estratificar microorganismos respiratorios en pacientes con neumonia nosocomial
Fecha
2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
La neumonía nosocomial representa un problema de salud muy importante a nivel hospitalario sobre todo en pacientes asilados en áreas críticas. Debido a esto es de gran importancia la identificación de los gérmenes que colonizan la vía aérea de estos pacientes para llegar a establecer una terapéutica antibiótica adecuada y de esta manera colaborar con el restablecimiento de su salud. Se llevará a cabo entonces un estudio que inicia con el planteamiento del problema debido al alto grado de mortalidad que representa la neumonía de tipo intrahospitalario. En el marco teórico se detallan de manera concreta las formas de contagio y los factores de riesgos de las neumonías nosocomiales y los microorganismos más prevalentes con relación a las mismas. El objetivo consiste en identificar los microorganismos responsables de las neumonías intrahospitalarias que se desarrollaron en la sala de observación “C” de la emergencia del hospital del hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo. Con relación al método, se procedió a realizar un estudio de tipo prospectivo, descriptivo en dicha área crítica en el periodo desde el 5 de Agosto del 2013 al 5 de enero del 2014, el cual participaron pacientes de ambos sexos entre 35 a 90 años. Cuyos resultados evidenciaron el registro de 95 casos de neumonía nosocomial (60% en pacientes intubados, 30% en los pacientes con traqueótomo, y 10% en pacientes sin vía aérea artificial), la edad de presentación más frecuente fue de 50 a 90 años y con prevalencia en el sexo femenino. De esta forma se llega a la conclusión que debido a la ejecución inadecuada de las normas de bioseguridad por parte del personal de la salud se colaboraba al surgimiento e incremento de las infecciones intrahospitalarias.
Nosocomial pneumonia is a major health problem in hospitals especially in institutionalized patients in critical areas. Because this is of great importance to identify the germs that colonize the airways of these patients in order to establish an appropriate antibiotic therapy and thus contribute to the restoration of his health. A study that begins with the statement of the problem due to the high mortality rate that represents the type of in-hospital pneumonia was conducted then. In the theoretical framework concretely detailed forms of infection and risk factors of nosocomial pneumonia and the most prevalent microorganisms in relation thereto. The aim is to identify the microorganisms responsible for nosocomial pneumonia that developed in the observation room “C" Emergency Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo hospital. Regarding the method, we proceeded to perform a prospective, descriptive in that critical area in the period from August 5, 2013 to January 5, 2014, which included patients of both sexes aged 35 to 90 years. Whose registration results showed 95 cases of nosocomial pneumonia (60 % in intubated patients, 30 % in patients with traqueótomo, and 10 % in patients without artificial airway) , the most common age of presentation was 50 to 90 years and with prevalence in females . This leads to the conclusion that due to inadequate enforcement of biosafety regulations by the health personnel collaborated to the emergence and increase of nosocomial infections.
Nosocomial pneumonia is a major health problem in hospitals especially in institutionalized patients in critical areas. Because this is of great importance to identify the germs that colonize the airways of these patients in order to establish an appropriate antibiotic therapy and thus contribute to the restoration of his health. A study that begins with the statement of the problem due to the high mortality rate that represents the type of in-hospital pneumonia was conducted then. In the theoretical framework concretely detailed forms of infection and risk factors of nosocomial pneumonia and the most prevalent microorganisms in relation thereto. The aim is to identify the microorganisms responsible for nosocomial pneumonia that developed in the observation room “C" Emergency Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo hospital. Regarding the method, we proceeded to perform a prospective, descriptive in that critical area in the period from August 5, 2013 to January 5, 2014, which included patients of both sexes aged 35 to 90 years. Whose registration results showed 95 cases of nosocomial pneumonia (60 % in intubated patients, 30 % in patients with traqueótomo, and 10 % in patients without artificial airway) , the most common age of presentation was 50 to 90 years and with prevalence in females . This leads to the conclusion that due to inadequate enforcement of biosafety regulations by the health personnel collaborated to the emergence and increase of nosocomial infections.
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Palabras clave
Patógenos comunes, Neumonía asociada a la atención médica, Contrención de riesgos biológicos, Factores de riesgo, Infección hospitalaria, Terapia respiratoria, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Microorganismos respiratorios