Higiene bronquial en traqueostomía de pacientes adultos con lesión medular alta. El estudio fue realizado en el Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón durante el año 2010-2011
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2011
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
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respiratoria adecuadas que den resultados efectivos en pacientes con lesión medular alta. La región cervical es la porción de la columna con mayor rango de movilidad, es también el sitio más común de lesión. Una persona que sufre un traumatismo que sea capaz de ocasionarle inestabilidad cervical, está se convierte en un sitio muy probable de daño medular o de comprensión de una raíz nerviosa; por lo tanto, antes de que un paciente traumatizado sea movilizado, se debe colocar un collar ortopédico o cualquier estructura rígida capaz de contener la movilización del cuello. Entre las causas de lesiones medulares están las caídas, accidentes de tránsito, lesiones deportivas, accidentes de clavadistas en trampolines, heridas penetrantes que atraviesan la medula espinal, por ejemplo disparos o puñaladas, también pueden causar daños y son motivos frecuentes de discapacidad permanente y muerte tanto en los niños como en adultos. La medula espinal es el principal conducto a través del cual la información motora y sensorial viaja entre el cerebro y el resto del cuerpo. Por lo general, ante una lesión medular, el diagnostico medico asume uno de dos términos: paraplejia o cuadriplejia; y los componentes del pronóstico medico esperable son: escaras, complicaciones respiratorias, en las que se utilizarán técnicas que mejoren la eficiencia de la tos como la tos asistida, hiperinflación manual, etc., el paciente estará condenado a no caminar, a la depresión, a la soledad secuelas que configuran una existencia de dependencia médica, psicológica y familiar por tal motivo es necesario un trabajo en conjunto paciente-familia porque esto contribuirá a establecer objetivos de recuperación a corto y largo plazo que no lograrán retomar actividades normales, pero si ayudarán a tener una mejor calidad de vida. El presente estudio fue diseñado en base a una investigación bibliográfica, documental de campo, con un tipo de investigación no experimental, transversal y prospectiva.
The purpose of this review is to provide a selective approach of adequate respiratory physiotherapy measures that give effective results in patients with high spinal cord injury. The cervical region is the portion of the spine with the greatest range of mobility, it is also the most common site of injury. A person who suffers a trauma that is capable of causing cervical instability, it becomes a very likely site of spinal damage or understanding of a nerve root; therefore, before a traumatized patient is mobilized, an orthopedic collar or any rigid structure capable of containing the mobilization of the neck should be placed. Among the causes of spinal injuries are falls, traffic accidents, sports injuries, diving accidents on trampolines, penetrating injuries that go through the spinal cord, for example shots or stabs, they can also cause damage and are frequent causes of permanent disability and death both in children and adults. The spinal cord is the main conduit through which motor and sensory information travels between the brain and the rest of the body. In general, in the case of spinal cord injury, the medical diagnosis assumes one of two terms: paraplegia or quadriplegia; and the components of the expected medical forecast are: eschar, respiratory complications, in which techniques that improve the efficiency of cough such as assisted cough, manual hyperinflation, etc., the patient will be condemned not to walk, to depression, to the loneliness sequelae that make up an existence of medical, psychological and family dependence, for this reason, it is necessary to work together as a patient-family because this will help to establish recovery objectives in the short and long term that will not be able to resume normal activities, but will help to have a better quality of life. The present study was designed based on a bibliographical research, field documentary, with a non-experimental, transversal and prospective type of research.
The purpose of this review is to provide a selective approach of adequate respiratory physiotherapy measures that give effective results in patients with high spinal cord injury. The cervical region is the portion of the spine with the greatest range of mobility, it is also the most common site of injury. A person who suffers a trauma that is capable of causing cervical instability, it becomes a very likely site of spinal damage or understanding of a nerve root; therefore, before a traumatized patient is mobilized, an orthopedic collar or any rigid structure capable of containing the mobilization of the neck should be placed. Among the causes of spinal injuries are falls, traffic accidents, sports injuries, diving accidents on trampolines, penetrating injuries that go through the spinal cord, for example shots or stabs, they can also cause damage and are frequent causes of permanent disability and death both in children and adults. The spinal cord is the main conduit through which motor and sensory information travels between the brain and the rest of the body. In general, in the case of spinal cord injury, the medical diagnosis assumes one of two terms: paraplegia or quadriplegia; and the components of the expected medical forecast are: eschar, respiratory complications, in which techniques that improve the efficiency of cough such as assisted cough, manual hyperinflation, etc., the patient will be condemned not to walk, to depression, to the loneliness sequelae that make up an existence of medical, psychological and family dependence, for this reason, it is necessary to work together as a patient-family because this will help to establish recovery objectives in the short and long term that will not be able to resume normal activities, but will help to have a better quality of life. The present study was designed based on a bibliographical research, field documentary, with a non-experimental, transversal and prospective type of research.
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Higiene bronquial, Traqueostomía, Lesión medular, Terapia respiratoria, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador