Incidencia de enfermedad periodontal en pacientes geriátricos atendidos en el Hospital Dr. Efrén Jurado López.
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2019-04
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología.
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Las enfermedades periodontales se refieren a una inflamación crónica que afecta a los tejidos que soportan a los dientes, muy frecuente en pacientes geriátricos y constituyen uno de los factores causales principales de la pérdida dentaria. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal y su asociación a las condiciones de higiene bucal y enfermedades sistémicas en los pacientes geriátricos atendidos en el Hospital del Día “Dr. Efrén Jurado López”. Metodología: estudio de tipo descriptivo, analítico, clínico-observacional y transversal, la muestra fue no probabilística de conveniencia, aplicándose criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la muestra fue de 50 pacientes geriátricos (65-91 años), tomado de una unidad de 150 personas que asistieron al mes al hospital. Resultados: el 82% de la población mostró enfermedad periodontal y el mayor número de pacientes afectados pertenece al grupo de 65 a 69 años de edad, además el 73,2% presentó gingivitis y 26,8% periodontitis. Se observó que más de la mitad de los pacientes examinados presentaron una mala higiene bucal (56%) y enfermedad cardiovascular (58%). Conclusiones: Según los resultados reportados se concluyó que existe una alta prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal activa en los pacientes geriátricos, la gingivitis fue la patología prevalente, se estableció asociación estadísticamente significativa con la higiene bucal y no se encontró relación con las enfermedades sistémicas como diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares, trastornos psicosomáticos y otros. Se recomienda la realización de estudios longitudinales sobre la efectividad de programas de promoción de la salud.
Periodontal diseases refer to a chronic inflammation that affects the tissues that support the teeth, which are very common in geriatric patients. In addition, these diseases are one of the main causal factors of tooth loss. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of periodontal disease and its association with oral hygiene conditions and systemic diseases in geriatric patients treated at the “Hospital del Día Dr. Efrén Jurado López”.The design of this research study is descriptive, analytical, clinical-observational and cross-sectional. Furthermore, the sample was non-probability; in which, the inclusion and exclusion criteria, was applied. The sample consisted of 50 geriatric patients (65-91 years of age), who were taken from a 150 population. On the whole, the reported results showed that 82% of the population showed periodontal disease and the largest number of affected patients belongs to the group of 65 to 69 years of age; in addition, 73.2% of patients presented gingivitis and 26.8% periodontitis. It was observed that more than half of the examined patients had poor oral hygiene (56%) and cardiovascular disease (58%). Findings suggested that there is a high prevalence of active periodontal disease in geriatric patients; gingivitis was the prevalent pathology, a statistically significant association with oral hygiene was established and no relationship was found with systemic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, psychosomatic disorders and others. Longitudinal studies on the effectiveness of health promotion programs are recommended.
Periodontal diseases refer to a chronic inflammation that affects the tissues that support the teeth, which are very common in geriatric patients. In addition, these diseases are one of the main causal factors of tooth loss. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of periodontal disease and its association with oral hygiene conditions and systemic diseases in geriatric patients treated at the “Hospital del Día Dr. Efrén Jurado López”.The design of this research study is descriptive, analytical, clinical-observational and cross-sectional. Furthermore, the sample was non-probability; in which, the inclusion and exclusion criteria, was applied. The sample consisted of 50 geriatric patients (65-91 years of age), who were taken from a 150 population. On the whole, the reported results showed that 82% of the population showed periodontal disease and the largest number of affected patients belongs to the group of 65 to 69 years of age; in addition, 73.2% of patients presented gingivitis and 26.8% periodontitis. It was observed that more than half of the examined patients had poor oral hygiene (56%) and cardiovascular disease (58%). Findings suggested that there is a high prevalence of active periodontal disease in geriatric patients; gingivitis was the prevalent pathology, a statistically significant association with oral hygiene was established and no relationship was found with systemic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, psychosomatic disorders and others. Longitudinal studies on the effectiveness of health promotion programs are recommended.
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ENFERMEDADES PERIODONTALES, SALUD BUCAL, ADULTO MAYOR