Neumonia nosocomial asociada a la ventilación mecánica en pacientes pediátricos de 1-5 años, estudio realizado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante
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2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
Las infecciones nosocomiales son infecciones que se adhieren durante la
hospitalización y no estaban presentes o incubadas en el momento de ingreso a
la institución. Se excluyen aquellas infecciones que su periodo de incubación
pudieron haber estado asintomáticos en el momento del ingreso, más el 90 % de
las neumonías adquiridas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos aparece durante
la ventilación mecánica el 50% de las neumonías asociada al ventilador aparece
en los primeros cuatro días tras la intubación. En la actualidad se sabe que la
neumonía intrahospitalaria tiene dos focos de reservorio en el organismo: La
cavidad orofaringea y la cavidad gástrica en ambos reservorios se produce
cambio de la flora saprofita comensal por microrganismos potencialmente
patógenos que no existen de manera habitual en estas zonas del organismo. La
microaspiracion o la macroaspiración de contenido orofaríngeo o gástrico a las
vías aéreas seria el mecanismo definitivo que causaría neumonía nosocomial
siempre que las defensas pulmonares especificas o inespecíficas estuvieran
alteradas. El tubo endotraqueal también elimina las defensas naturales más
efectivas del tracto respiratorio superior. El sistema de filtración y aclaramiento
mucociliar del aparato respiratorio superior son eliminados durante la
intubación. Los casos de una neumonía asociada al ventilador que aparecen en
los 4 días siguientes a la intubación se asocian a una probabilidad mayor causa
por microorganismos que han sido arrastrados al interior de las vías
respiratorias durante el procedimiento de la intubación.
Nosocomial infections are infections that stick during the hospitalization and were not present or incubated at the time of admission to the institution. It excludes those infections that their incubation period could have been asymptomatic at the time of admission, plus 90% of the pneumonias acquired in the Intensive Care Unit appears during mechanical ventilation 50% of pneumonias associated with the ventilator appears in the first four days after intubation. It is now known that Intrahospital pneumonia has two reservoir foci in the body: Oropharyngeal cavity and the gastric cavity in both reservoirs occurs change of commensal saprophyte flora by potentially microorganisms pathogens that do not usually exist in these areas of the body. The microaspiration or the macroaspiration of oropharyngeal or gastric content at airway would be the definitive mechanism that would cause nosocomial pneumonia provided that the specific or nonspecific lung defenses were altered The endotracheal tube also eliminates the natural defenses more effective effects of the upper respiratory tract. The filtration and clarification system mucociliary of the upper respiratory system are eliminated during intubation Cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia that appear in the 4 days following intubation are associated with a higher probability by microorganisms that have been dragged into the roads during the intubation procedure.
Nosocomial infections are infections that stick during the hospitalization and were not present or incubated at the time of admission to the institution. It excludes those infections that their incubation period could have been asymptomatic at the time of admission, plus 90% of the pneumonias acquired in the Intensive Care Unit appears during mechanical ventilation 50% of pneumonias associated with the ventilator appears in the first four days after intubation. It is now known that Intrahospital pneumonia has two reservoir foci in the body: Oropharyngeal cavity and the gastric cavity in both reservoirs occurs change of commensal saprophyte flora by potentially microorganisms pathogens that do not usually exist in these areas of the body. The microaspiration or the macroaspiration of oropharyngeal or gastric content at airway would be the definitive mechanism that would cause nosocomial pneumonia provided that the specific or nonspecific lung defenses were altered The endotracheal tube also eliminates the natural defenses more effective effects of the upper respiratory tract. The filtration and clarification system mucociliary of the upper respiratory system are eliminated during intubation Cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia that appear in the 4 days following intubation are associated with a higher probability by microorganisms that have been dragged into the roads during the intubation procedure.
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Neumonía, Infección hospitalaria, Respiración artificial, Terapia respiratoria, Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Pediatría, Neumonía asociada a la atención médica