Anemia drepanocitica factores de riesgo y comorbilidades relacionadas en niños de 0 a 15 años en el Hospital Francisco de Icaza Bustamante
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2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Problema: La drepanocítosis al ser una patología difícil de tratar por la presencia de
muchos matices que la componen la vuelven compleja y de difícil manejo en cuanto a
su tratamiento. Objetivo: Evaluar la correlación que existe entre los factores de riesgo y
las comorbilidades de la anemia drepanocítica en niños de 0 a 15 años. Método: Se
escogió pacientes con anemia drepanocítica de los cuales se determinaron los factores
de riesgo y se correlacionaron con las comorbilidades encontradas durante el año 2015,
el estudio es retrospectivo correlacional descriptivo, de diseño no experimental y corte
transversal Resultados: Los factores fueron: fiebre (30,8%), edad (6 – 10) años (40,7%)
y (0 – 5) años (26,4%) , esplenectomía (20,9%), leucocitosis (35,2%) , las
comorbilidades fueron: síndrome torácico agudo (2,2%), crisis vasooclusiva (37,4%),
infecciones (29,7%) y dolor abdominal (13,2%); la correlación de edad/comorbilidades,
no presento significancia estadística p = (> 0,05); la esplenectomía/comorbilidades
presentaron un p = (< 0,05) con alto grado de correlación; la fiebre tuvo un p =(< 0,05),
presentando un alto grado de correlación; por último la leucocitosis/comorbilidades,
presentaron alto grado de significancia estadística demostrando un p = (< 0,05). Sobre la
hipótesis la infección, crisis vasooclusiva y esplenectomía, se considera que la infección
desencadena las crisis vasooclusivas, pero es independiente frente a los
esplenectomizados por lo que se descarta la hipótesis con un chi = 4,84; p = 0,163 >
0,05. Conclusión: La edad fue la variable que no tuvo asociación con ninguna
comorbilidad y entre la infección, crisis vasooclusiva y esplenectomía no presentan
relación entre sí.
Problem: Sickle cell disease is a difficult path to treat because of the many shades that make it complex and difficult to manage in terms of treatment. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between risk factors and comorbidities of sickle cell anemia in children aged 0 to 15 years. Method: Patients with sickle cell anemia were chosen, from which the risk factors were determined and correlated with the comorbidities found during 2015; the study is a retrospective descriptive correlation, with a non-experimental design and a cross section. Results: The factors were: fever (30.8% c), age (6 -10) years (40.7%) and (0 - 5) years (26.4%), splenectomy (20.9%), leukocytosis (35.2%) , comorbidities were: acute thoracic syndrome (2.2%), vaso-occlusive crisis (37.4%), infections (29.7%) and abdominal pain (13.2%); the correlation of age / comorbidities, do not present statistical significance p = (> 0.05); splenectomy / comorbidities showed a p = (<0.05) with a high degree of correlation; the fever had a p = (<0.05), presenting a high degree of correlation; Finally, leukocytosis / comorbidities showed a high degree of statistical significance, showing p = (<0.05). On the infection, vaso-occlusive crisis and splenectomy hypothesis, it is considered that the infection triggers the vasoocclusive crises, these two act independently against the splenectomized ones and vice versa with a chi = 4.84; p = 0.163> 0.05. Conclusion: Age was the variable that had no association with any comorbidity and the infection, vaso-occlusive crisis and splenectomy do not have a relationship with each other.
Problem: Sickle cell disease is a difficult path to treat because of the many shades that make it complex and difficult to manage in terms of treatment. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between risk factors and comorbidities of sickle cell anemia in children aged 0 to 15 years. Method: Patients with sickle cell anemia were chosen, from which the risk factors were determined and correlated with the comorbidities found during 2015; the study is a retrospective descriptive correlation, with a non-experimental design and a cross section. Results: The factors were: fever (30.8% c), age (6 -10) years (40.7%) and (0 - 5) years (26.4%), splenectomy (20.9%), leukocytosis (35.2%) , comorbidities were: acute thoracic syndrome (2.2%), vaso-occlusive crisis (37.4%), infections (29.7%) and abdominal pain (13.2%); the correlation of age / comorbidities, do not present statistical significance p = (> 0.05); splenectomy / comorbidities showed a p = (<0.05) with a high degree of correlation; the fever had a p = (<0.05), presenting a high degree of correlation; Finally, leukocytosis / comorbidities showed a high degree of statistical significance, showing p = (<0.05). On the infection, vaso-occlusive crisis and splenectomy hypothesis, it is considered that the infection triggers the vasoocclusive crises, these two act independently against the splenectomized ones and vice versa with a chi = 4.84; p = 0.163> 0.05. Conclusion: Age was the variable that had no association with any comorbidity and the infection, vaso-occlusive crisis and splenectomy do not have a relationship with each other.
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Correlación de datos, Factores de riesgo, Comorbilidad, Anemia drepanocítica, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador