Utilización de dímero D por quimioluminiscencia para diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardiaca en pacientes hospitalizados
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2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
El presente trabajo permite comprobar la eficacia de la Quimioluminiscencia para el diagnóstico de Insuficiencia cardíaca en pacientes hospitalizados. La insuficiencia cardíaca es un síndrome, resultado de trastornos estructurales o funcionales, que interfieren con la actividad cardíaca, denominándolo como la incapacidad del corazón de bombear sangre en volúmenes más adecuados para satisfacer las demandas del metabolismo; si lo logra, lo hace a expensas de una disminución crónica de la presión de llenado de los ventrículos cardíacos. Se caracterizada por ser el resultado de múltiples alteraciones donde está afectado sistema respiratorio, hígado, bazo, páncreas, riñones. Sus causas pueden ser mecánicas: aumento en la presión de carga, causas miocárdicas ya sean primarias miocarditis, de origen metabólico o tóxico y secundarias: isquemia y enfermedades infiltrativas; causas de conducción eléctrica: taquicardia y bradicardia extrema. Uno de los principales síntomas que presentan es la disnea, más frecuente en pacientes con elevación de la presión pulmonar venosa y capilar, junto ortopnea; los signos más comunes son edema, ictericia, cianosis, hepatomegalia. Se puede presentar en cualquier edad siendo más propensos aquellos pacientes según este estudio entre 57 y 61 años, debido a esto se pone a disposición la prueba de Dímero D para el diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardíaca. El estudio trata de una investigación científica, descriptiva de corte transversal. Las muestras obtenidas de 56 pacientes con síntomas compatibles con la enfermedad, se procesaron simultáneamente de acuerdo a la metodología mencionada, los pacientes de mayor edad resultan más afectados y siendo los más propensos los hombres (55%) q las mujeres (45%). El método de quimioluminiscencia de fase sólida, resulto ser muy sensible en la determinación de Dímero D, se recomienda su empleo, ya que es un método eficaz, rápido, fácil, accesible, dirigida a la miniaturización, poco traumático en la toma de muestra y menos costosa para el paciente.
The present work allows to verify the efficacy of Chemiluminescence for the diagnosis of heart failure in hospitalized patients. Heart failure is a syndrome, the result of structural or functional disorders, that interfere with cardiac activity, calling it the inability of the heart to pump blood in more adequate volumes to meet the demands of metabolism; if it succeeds, it does so at the expense of a chronic decrease in the filling pressure of the cardiac ventricles. It is characterized by being the result of multiple alterations where respiratory system, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys are affected. Its causes can be mechanical: increase in loading pressure, myocardial causes, whether primary myocarditis, of metabolic or toxic origin, and secondary: ischemia and infiltrative diseases; Causes of electrical conduction: tachycardia and extreme bradycardia. One of the main symptoms they present is dyspnea, more frequent in patients with elevated venous and capillary pulmonary pressure, along with orthopnea; The most common signs are edema, jaundice, cyanosis, hepatomegaly. Those patients according to this study between 57 and 61 years may be more prone at any age, due to this the Dimer D test is available for the diagnosis of heart failure. The study deals with a scientific, descriptive cross-sectional investigation. The samples obtained from 56 patients with symptoms compatible with the disease, were processed simultaneously according to the mentioned methodology, older patients are more affected and men (55%) and women (45%) are the most prone. The solid phase chemiluminescence method, proved to be very sensitive in the determination of D-dimer, its use is recommended, since it is an effective, fast, easy, accessible method, aimed at miniaturization, little traumatic in the sampling and Less expensive for the patient.
The present work allows to verify the efficacy of Chemiluminescence for the diagnosis of heart failure in hospitalized patients. Heart failure is a syndrome, the result of structural or functional disorders, that interfere with cardiac activity, calling it the inability of the heart to pump blood in more adequate volumes to meet the demands of metabolism; if it succeeds, it does so at the expense of a chronic decrease in the filling pressure of the cardiac ventricles. It is characterized by being the result of multiple alterations where respiratory system, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys are affected. Its causes can be mechanical: increase in loading pressure, myocardial causes, whether primary myocarditis, of metabolic or toxic origin, and secondary: ischemia and infiltrative diseases; Causes of electrical conduction: tachycardia and extreme bradycardia. One of the main symptoms they present is dyspnea, more frequent in patients with elevated venous and capillary pulmonary pressure, along with orthopnea; The most common signs are edema, jaundice, cyanosis, hepatomegaly. Those patients according to this study between 57 and 61 years may be more prone at any age, due to this the Dimer D test is available for the diagnosis of heart failure. The study deals with a scientific, descriptive cross-sectional investigation. The samples obtained from 56 patients with symptoms compatible with the disease, were processed simultaneously according to the mentioned methodology, older patients are more affected and men (55%) and women (45%) are the most prone. The solid phase chemiluminescence method, proved to be very sensitive in the determination of D-dimer, its use is recommended, since it is an effective, fast, easy, accessible method, aimed at miniaturization, little traumatic in the sampling and Less expensive for the patient.
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Insuficiencia cardiaca, Diagnóstico, Quimioluminiscencia, Omni Hospital, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Dímero D