Asociados a restricción del crecimiento intrauterino en gestantes mayores de 30 años
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2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
Se considera restricción del crecimiento intrauterino aquellos recién nacidos con sus medidas antropométricas disminuidas en relación a su edad gestacional. Según la OMS cada año nacen 20 millones de niños con bajo peso, de los cuales 14 millones son a término considerándolos como restricción del crecimiento. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los principales factores de riesgo asociados a esta complicación en gestantes mayores a 30 años en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil. La metodología empleada fue prospectiva, descriptiva, cuantitativa y transversal. Se obtuvo como muestra 292 pacientes utilizando como técnica la encuesta y la ficha de recolección de datos. Con respecto a los resultados se identificó que entre los factores de riesgo relacionados a la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino de mayor relevancia se encuentran las enfermedades crónicas como los trastornos hipertensivos, el cual se presentó en un 70% de los casos, la falta o déficit de controles prenatales en un 87% y un bajo del nivel socioeconómico con una prevalencia del 77%. Para lo cual se propone la implementación de charlas educativas a las pacientes de la sala de espera, con la finalidad de disminuir la presencia de estos agentes causales de la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino.
It is considered intrauterine growth restriction those fetuses that are born with their fetal measures decreased in relation to gestational age. According to the WHO, every year 20 million underweight children are born, of whom 14 million are fullterm, considered as growth restriction. The objective of the following work is to identify the main risk factors associated with this complication in pregnant women over 30 years of age at the University Hospital of Guayaquil. The methodology used was prospective, descriptive, quantitative and transversal. A sample of 292 patients was obtained using the survey and the data collection form as a technique. It was found that among the main factors associated was the presence of chronic diseases such as hypertensive disorders, which occurred in 70% of cases, the lack or deficit of prenatal controls, followed by socioeconomic status, both with an incidence 77% For which it is proposed the implementation of educational talks to patients in the waiting room, in order to decrease the presence of these causative agents of intrauterine growth restriction
It is considered intrauterine growth restriction those fetuses that are born with their fetal measures decreased in relation to gestational age. According to the WHO, every year 20 million underweight children are born, of whom 14 million are fullterm, considered as growth restriction. The objective of the following work is to identify the main risk factors associated with this complication in pregnant women over 30 years of age at the University Hospital of Guayaquil. The methodology used was prospective, descriptive, quantitative and transversal. A sample of 292 patients was obtained using the survey and the data collection form as a technique. It was found that among the main factors associated was the presence of chronic diseases such as hypertensive disorders, which occurred in 70% of cases, the lack or deficit of prenatal controls, followed by socioeconomic status, both with an incidence 77% For which it is proposed the implementation of educational talks to patients in the waiting room, in order to decrease the presence of these causative agents of intrauterine growth restriction
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Retardo del crecimiento fetal, Factores de riesgo, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Mujeres embarazadas, Adulto