Factores de riesgo y complicaciones del embarazo y parto en adolescentes
Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
En los últimos años ha ocurrido un incremento y una mayor precocidad del inicio de
la actividad sexual juvenil, provocando un aumento de la incidencia del embarazo
adolescente, considerado actualmente un serio problema médico-social en el ámbito de la
Salud Pública. El objetivo es determinar los factores de riesgo y complicaciones obstétricas
durante el embarazo y parto adolescente que fueron atendidas en el Hospital Verdi Cevallos
Balda de Portoviejo, en la metodología se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, de enero
2017 a julio 2017. Las edades de 12 a 19 años son grandes en esta población adolescente que
demanda oportunidades educativas, recreativas, laborales, atención en salud sexual y
reproductiva. Por otro lado la mujer adulta posee un grado más alto de madurez fisiológica y
psicológica también atraviesa por dificultades y demandan oportunidades de acceso a la
salud, problema que lleva años imperando en la nación. La población de estudio fueron 453
pacientes que ingresaron al área de Obstetricia con parto en adolescente. De las pacientes
atendidas predominaron por grupos de edad los de 12 a 15 y 16 a 19. El parto espontaneo fue
el más frecuente. Los problemas familiares y enfermedades eran las principales causas de
complicaciones y problemas. El 16.54% de las pacientes con un estado de gravedad alto
recibían un tratamiento médico adecuado para su recuperación. La evolución al egreso fue del
80% buena recuperación, el 20% consecuencias al bebe y madre. El promedio días estada en
hospitalización fue 30 días.
In recent years there has been an increase and a greater precocity of the onset of youth sexual activity, leading to an increase in the incidence of adolescent pregnancy, currently considered a serious medical and social problem in the field of Public Health. The objective was to determine the risk factors and obstetric complications during pregnancy and adolescent delivery that were attended at the Verdi Cevallos Balda Hospital in Portoviejo. In the methodology a descriptive study was carried out, from January 2017 to July 2017. The ages of 12 to 19 years are great in this adolescent population that demands educational, recreational, labor, sexual and reproductive health care. On the other hand the adult woman possesses a higher degree of physiological and psychological maturity also crosses by difficulties and demand opportunities of access to the health, problem that has been ruling in the nation for years. The study population consisted of 453 patients who entered the Obstetrics area with adolescent delivery. Of the patients attended, 12 to 15 and 16 to 19 predominated by age groups. Spontaneous delivery was the most frequent. Family problems and illness were the main causes of complications and problems. 16.54% of patients with a high severity state received adequate medical treatment for recovery. The evolution to egress was 80% good recovery, 20% consequences to the baby and mother. The average days spent in hospital were 30 days.
In recent years there has been an increase and a greater precocity of the onset of youth sexual activity, leading to an increase in the incidence of adolescent pregnancy, currently considered a serious medical and social problem in the field of Public Health. The objective was to determine the risk factors and obstetric complications during pregnancy and adolescent delivery that were attended at the Verdi Cevallos Balda Hospital in Portoviejo. In the methodology a descriptive study was carried out, from January 2017 to July 2017. The ages of 12 to 19 years are great in this adolescent population that demands educational, recreational, labor, sexual and reproductive health care. On the other hand the adult woman possesses a higher degree of physiological and psychological maturity also crosses by difficulties and demand opportunities of access to the health, problem that has been ruling in the nation for years. The study population consisted of 453 patients who entered the Obstetrics area with adolescent delivery. Of the patients attended, 12 to 15 and 16 to 19 predominated by age groups. Spontaneous delivery was the most frequent. Family problems and illness were the main causes of complications and problems. 16.54% of patients with a high severity state received adequate medical treatment for recovery. The evolution to egress was 80% good recovery, 20% consequences to the baby and mother. The average days spent in hospital were 30 days.
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Palabras clave
Embarazo en adolescencia, Complicaciones del embarazo, Trabajo de parto, Epidemiología decriptiva, Hospital Provincial de Portoviejo Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda, Cantón Portoviejo, Ecuador