Estado nutricional de la embarazada y su relación con el desarrollo prenatal. Propuesta de prevención
Fecha
2016
Autores
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La indebida nutrición de la gestante, el desconocimiento de llevar un control e ingerir los
nutrientes necesarios, fueron factores que impidieron llevar a un feliz término el producto
concebido. La investigación tuvo como propósito evitar los frecuentes cuadros que
conllevaron a una paciente gestante a un diagnóstico de anemia, que ocasionaron
diferentes casos clínicos y situaciones de riesgo, por ello se procedió como objetivo
general, el examinar el estado nutricional de las embarazadas y el desarrollo prenatal para
prevenir complicaciones que afectan la salud de los neonatos en el distrito de salud No
09D02, período enero – octubre de 2016. Se determinó cual deber ser el adecuado
desarrollo prenatal, luego se identificó el estado nutricional de las embarazadas y por
último, se planificaron charlas educativas sobre la alimentación y cuidados generales
durante el embarazo en base a los componentes investigados. La metodología, tipo
cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal. En base a historias clínicas
del grupo de 72 pacientes como muestra significativa, cuyos resultados fueron que la
patología que incidió fue la anemia, moderada con un 53%, mientras que leve en un 44% y
grave en un 3%. Se concluyó que la mayor población que manifestó embarazo de riesgo se
ubicó en la edad de 15 a 18% con un 47%, 18% en 19-22 años y 12% entre los 27 hasta
los 31 años. También se recomendó realizar un control periódico, evaluación del estado
nutricional diagnóstico, continua orientación a la gestante de manera integral para captar
precozmente las desviaciones nutricionales.
The undue nutrition of the pregnant woman, the lack of control and intake of the necessary nutrients, were factors that prevented the happy product from being conceived. The purpose of the research was to avoid the frequent cases that led a pregnant patient to a diagnosis of anemia, which led to different clinical cases and risk situations. Therefore, the general objective was to examine the nutritional status of pregnant women and development Prenatal care to prevent complications affecting the health of neonates in health district No 09D02, from January to October 2016. It was determined which should be adequate prenatal development, then identified the nutritional status of pregnant women and finally, Planned educational talks about feeding and general care during pregnancy based on the components investigated. The methodology, quantitative, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional type. Based on clinical histories of the group of 72 patients as a significant sample, the results were that the pathology that affected was anemia, moderate with 53%, while mild in 44% and severe in 3%. It was concluded that the largest population that showed risk pregnancy was in the age of 15 to 18% with 47%, 18% in 19 22 years and 12% between 27 and 31 years. It was also recommended to carry out a periodic check, evaluation of the nutritional status, continuous guidance to the pregnant woman in an integral way to capture early nutritional deviations.
The undue nutrition of the pregnant woman, the lack of control and intake of the necessary nutrients, were factors that prevented the happy product from being conceived. The purpose of the research was to avoid the frequent cases that led a pregnant patient to a diagnosis of anemia, which led to different clinical cases and risk situations. Therefore, the general objective was to examine the nutritional status of pregnant women and development Prenatal care to prevent complications affecting the health of neonates in health district No 09D02, from January to October 2016. It was determined which should be adequate prenatal development, then identified the nutritional status of pregnant women and finally, Planned educational talks about feeding and general care during pregnancy based on the components investigated. The methodology, quantitative, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional type. Based on clinical histories of the group of 72 patients as a significant sample, the results were that the pathology that affected was anemia, moderate with 53%, while mild in 44% and severe in 3%. It was concluded that the largest population that showed risk pregnancy was in the age of 15 to 18% with 47%, 18% in 19 22 years and 12% between 27 and 31 years. It was also recommended to carry out a periodic check, evaluation of the nutritional status, continuous guidance to the pregnant woman in an integral way to capture early nutritional deviations.
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Palabras clave
Estado nutricional, Embarazo, Atención prenatal, Medicina preventiva, Epidemiología descriptiva, Disitrito de Salud No 09D02 Ximena, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador