Prevalencia de anemia en insuficiencia renal crónica en pacientes que reciben hemodiálisis en la Unidad de Diálisis SURPASAL enero 2013 - diciembre 2014, provincia del Guayas, propuesta de medidas preventivas
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La anemia es una complicación frecuente de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal y se mantiene en los que están en terapia de hemodiálisis y que tiene la característica de ser hiporregenerativa, donde la médula ósea presenta una hipoplasia eritroide, si no se trata y persiste con el tiempo, favorece el desarrollo de complicaciones como la hipertrofia y dilatación del ventrículo izquierdo e insuficiencia cardiaca. Esto se traduce a disminución de la calidad de vida, así como de un aumento de la morbimortalidad, especialmente de causa cardiovascular. En esta investigación se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional transversal, para lo cual se consideró el número de pacientes atendidos durante el periodo de estudio 2013-2014 que fue de 299 y el tamaño de la muestra fue 88 que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados 88 pacientes del estudio determinó que 57 pacientes son de sexo masculino y 31 pacientes son de sexo femenino; y que en el género femenino tienen el 61% anemia leve y el 39 % no presenta anemia, mientras que los hombres todos presentaron anemia en diferentes grados y que tomando como marcador nutricional la albumina se observa que están en rango normal bajo lo que los exponen al riesgo de entrar en desnutrición. Además el presente trabajo propone diseñar medidas preventivas según sus necesidades y las que nos permitan optimizar el estado de su alimentación para prevenir o corregir la malnutrición y su deficiencia de hierro
The anemia is a frequent complication of the patients with renal insufficiency and is kept in those who are in hemodialysis therapy and has the characteristic of being hyporegenerative, where the bone marrow is presented by a hypoplasia eritroide, if it left untreated and persists over time, favors the development of complications as the hypertrophy and expansion of the left ventricle and cardiac insufficiency. This is translated into decrease of the quality of life, as well as of an increase of the morbidity and mortality, especially from cardiovascular causes, in this investigation was realized a descriptive study transverse correlational, for which was considered to be the number of patients attended during the period of study 2013-2014 that it was of 299 and the size of the sample was 88 that fulfilled the criteria of incorporation and exclusion. Results 88 patients of the study it determined that 57 patients are of masculine sex and 31 patients are of feminine sex; and that in the feminine sex have 61 % slight anemia and 39 % doesn´t present anemia, whereas the men all presented anemia in different degrees and that taking as nutritional scoreboard the albumin it´s noted that they are in normal low range that they them expose to the risk of entering malnutrition. Also the present research work proposes to design preventive measures according to his needs and those who allow us to optimize the condition of his supply to anticipate or to correct the malnutrition and his deficiency of iron.
The anemia is a frequent complication of the patients with renal insufficiency and is kept in those who are in hemodialysis therapy and has the characteristic of being hyporegenerative, where the bone marrow is presented by a hypoplasia eritroide, if it left untreated and persists over time, favors the development of complications as the hypertrophy and expansion of the left ventricle and cardiac insufficiency. This is translated into decrease of the quality of life, as well as of an increase of the morbidity and mortality, especially from cardiovascular causes, in this investigation was realized a descriptive study transverse correlational, for which was considered to be the number of patients attended during the period of study 2013-2014 that it was of 299 and the size of the sample was 88 that fulfilled the criteria of incorporation and exclusion. Results 88 patients of the study it determined that 57 patients are of masculine sex and 31 patients are of feminine sex; and that in the feminine sex have 61 % slight anemia and 39 % doesn´t present anemia, whereas the men all presented anemia in different degrees and that taking as nutritional scoreboard the albumin it´s noted that they are in normal low range that they them expose to the risk of entering malnutrition. Also the present research work proposes to design preventive measures according to his needs and those who allow us to optimize the condition of his supply to anticipate or to correct the malnutrition and his deficiency of iron.
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Anemia, Insuficiencia renal crónica, Medicina preventiva, Epidemiología descriptiva, Unidad de Diálisis SURPASAL, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Diálisis renal