Análisis de la mano de obra calificada y su incidencia en los costos de producción y gastos operacionales de las empresas de galletas en la Ciudad de Guayaquil
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas
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El presente trabajo investigativo está comprendido por cinco capítulos, cuyo contenido se detalla a continuación:
En el Capítulo Primero se brinda los antecedentes del problema que se analiza, en este caso la incidencia de la Mano de Obra Calificada en los gastos operacionales de mantenimiento en las empresas de galletas de la ciudad de Guayaquil, sector manufacturero bastante limitado, ya que hay pocas empresas dedicadas a esta actividad en la actualidad, por esto se tomó datos de una de las empresas más grandes de la ciudad, como lo es Nestlé, y se presentará información relevante de un periodo de 4 años para poder comenzar a analizar la problemática presentada, además de contar con datos tomados de entrevistas de uno de los principales competidores a nivel local, como lo es Universal Sweet Industries S.A.
Se plantea el problema a través de preguntas directrices que serán la guía de la investigación en curso. Se planteará un solo objetivo general y tres objetivos específicos que orientarán del porqué de la investigación que se plantea. A continuación se plantea una hipótesis para establecer la conexión entre la variable dependiente que son los gastos operacionales de mantenimiento y la variable independiente que es la mano de obra calificada en las empresas de galletas, y finalmente se indica la justificación teórica, metodológica y práctica del estudio que correspondería a los beneficios que la investigación podría tener.
En el Segundo Capítulo se detalla el marco referencial del estudio que se realiza, es decir, se detalla el proceso de manufactura de las galletas, se ven los indicadores que se manejan dentro de este tipo de empresas, que responden a los procesos críticos que intervienen en la fabricación de dicho producto, se coloca las teorías relacionadas con la investigación y la tendencia algunos de los indicadores, en un periodo no menor, de 4 años. En el Tercer Capítulo se describe el diseño de la investigación, siendo el presente trabajo una investigación de tipo correlacional que utiliza variables cuantitativas con escala de razón de tipo transversal, ya que vamos a obtener la información, de encuestas y entrevistas, una sola vez en el tiempo, y está dirigida a una población pequeña que está mayormente conformada por personal de mantenimiento, tipo de personal directamente relacionado con la problemática planteada.
En el Cuarto Capítulo se analizan todos los resultados obtenidos de encuestas, entrevistas e información bibliográfica disponible y relacionada con el estudio. En este capítulo, por tratarse de una tesis de tipo correlacional, se utilizará el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para medir la correlación de las dos variables mencionadas anteriormente, la mano de obra calificada y los gastos operacionales.
En el Quinto Capítulo se establecieron las siguientes conclusiones: la industria manufacturera en Guayaquil no está tan desarrollada y la calificación de la mano de obra está altamente ligada a los gastos operacionales de mantenimiento, y esto es debido a que no hay un correcto plan de entrenamiento y formación de técnicos de mantenimiento y adicional a esto, si bien hay rutinas estándar de mantenimientos preventivos, no se cumplen debido al número de averías encontrado y en base a la información recabada en las entrevistas a técnicos de mantenimiento de ambas empresas.
This research work is comprised of five chapters, whose content is as follows: In the first chapter the background of the problem being addressed, in this case the incidence of Skilled Labor in operating expenses in companies that manufacture cookies in Guayaquil, this is why one of the biggest companies in the city was selected to present relevant information, considering the fact that are quite limited manufacturing sector is given, as there few companies engaged in this activity today, in addition to data from interviews of one of the main competitors locally , as is Universal Sweet Industries SA The problem is posed by guiding questions that will guide the ongoing investigation. One overall goal and three specific objectives that will guide the reason for the research proposed will arise. Then a hypothesis is proposed to establish the connection between the dependent variable are the operating expenses and the independent variable is skilled in companies of cookies work, and finally the theoretical, methodological and practical justification of the study indicated that correspond to the benefits In the second chapter the referential framework of study performed detailed, the manufacturing process of cookies is detailed, indicators that are handled within these businesses, responding to critical processes involved are in the manufacture of that product, theories related to research and trend some indicators in the not shorter period of four years standing. In the third chapter the research design is described, being the present work correlational research using quantitative variables with ratio scale cross-sectional, and we will get the information, surveys and interviews, once in time, and is directed to a small population that is mostly comprised of maintenance personnel, type of personnel directly related to the activity. In the fourth chapter all results obtained from surveys, interviews and bibliographic information available and related to the study are discussed. In this chapter, because it is a correlational thesis, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the correlation of the two variables mentioned above, the skilled labor and operational costs. In the fifth chapter the following conclusions were drawn: manufacturing in Guayaquil is not as developed and qualification of the workforce is highly bound to operational maintenance costs, and this is because there is no proper training plan and training of maintenance technicians and additional to this, although no standard preventive maintenance routines are not met due to the number of faults found and based on information collected in interviews with technicians from both companies.
This research work is comprised of five chapters, whose content is as follows: In the first chapter the background of the problem being addressed, in this case the incidence of Skilled Labor in operating expenses in companies that manufacture cookies in Guayaquil, this is why one of the biggest companies in the city was selected to present relevant information, considering the fact that are quite limited manufacturing sector is given, as there few companies engaged in this activity today, in addition to data from interviews of one of the main competitors locally , as is Universal Sweet Industries SA The problem is posed by guiding questions that will guide the ongoing investigation. One overall goal and three specific objectives that will guide the reason for the research proposed will arise. Then a hypothesis is proposed to establish the connection between the dependent variable are the operating expenses and the independent variable is skilled in companies of cookies work, and finally the theoretical, methodological and practical justification of the study indicated that correspond to the benefits In the second chapter the referential framework of study performed detailed, the manufacturing process of cookies is detailed, indicators that are handled within these businesses, responding to critical processes involved are in the manufacture of that product, theories related to research and trend some indicators in the not shorter period of four years standing. In the third chapter the research design is described, being the present work correlational research using quantitative variables with ratio scale cross-sectional, and we will get the information, surveys and interviews, once in time, and is directed to a small population that is mostly comprised of maintenance personnel, type of personnel directly related to the activity. In the fourth chapter all results obtained from surveys, interviews and bibliographic information available and related to the study are discussed. In this chapter, because it is a correlational thesis, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the correlation of the two variables mentioned above, the skilled labor and operational costs. In the fifth chapter the following conclusions were drawn: manufacturing in Guayaquil is not as developed and qualification of the workforce is highly bound to operational maintenance costs, and this is because there is no proper training plan and training of maintenance technicians and additional to this, although no standard preventive maintenance routines are not met due to the number of faults found and based on information collected in interviews with technicians from both companies.