Errores refractarios en niños de 5 a 14 años por uso prolongado de tecnología
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Introducción: Los errores de refracción son la causa corregible más común de discapacidad visual, aquí se origina la necesidad de atender y realizar actividades de prevención de la salud visual. Métodos: El estudio Transversal, cuantitativo no experimental se llevó acabo en el periodo de mayo a julio del año 2016, en niños en edad escolar, entre 5 y 14 años, de la escuela primaria "José Mejía Lequerica" de la parroquia Ximena cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador. Con un universo de 1313 alumnos, se les realiza tamizaje visual con cartilla de Snellen definiendo como limitación visual a toda agudeza visual por debajo de 20/50 parámetro requerido por el programa de salud visual del ministerio de salud pública (MSP) para la entrega de lentes, se toman como variables el sexo, agudeza visual, diagnóstico, patologías preexistentes, horas / día uso de aparatos electrónicos. Resultados: miopía con un 48.34%, astigmatismo 35.93% y el astigmatismo hipermetrópico con un 25.87%, en cuanto los factores predisponentes, el factor hereditario encontramos que solo el 31% de los niños con errores de refracción tienen antecedentes hereditarios por parte de padre o madre, en el tiempo designado a utilizar aparatos electrónicos es de una media de 3.29 horas. Los niños con algún tipo de ametropía usan por más de una hora día en comparación de los niños con visión emétrope que tiene el 58% un registro de 1 hora día de uso, con un intervalo de confianza de 4. Conclusiones: En el grupo evaluado se mostró un menor grado de amétropes de comparación a otros estudios con una clara influencia de aparatos electrónicos. Palabras clave: errores de refracción, niños, tecnología
Background: Refractive errors are the most common correctable cause of visual impairment, resulting in the need to attend and carry out visual health prevention activities. Methods: Transversal, non-experimental quantitative study was carried out in the period from May to July of the year 2016, in children of school age, between 5 and 14 years, of the primary school "José Mejía Lequerica" of the Ximena parish Guayaquil , Ecuador. With a universe of 1313 students, they are screened with a Snellen card, defining as visual limitation all visual acuity below 20/50 parameters required by the visual health program of the Ministry of Public Health (MSP) for the delivery of Lenses, are taken as variables sex, visual acuity, diagnosis, pre-existing pathologies, hours / day use of electronic devices. Results: myopia with 48.34%, astigmatism 35.93% and hypermetropic astigmatism with 25.87%, as the predisposing factors, the hereditary factor found that only 31% of children with refractive errors have a hereditary history by the father or Mother, at the time designated to use electronic devices is an average of 3.29 hours. Children with some type of ametropia use for more than one hour day compared to children with emmetropic vision that have 58% a record of 1 hour day of use, with a confidence interval of 4. Conclusions: In the evaluated group there was a lower degree of comparison ametropes to other studies with a clear influence of electronic devices. Keywords: refractive errors, children, technology
Background: Refractive errors are the most common correctable cause of visual impairment, resulting in the need to attend and carry out visual health prevention activities. Methods: Transversal, non-experimental quantitative study was carried out in the period from May to July of the year 2016, in children of school age, between 5 and 14 years, of the primary school "José Mejía Lequerica" of the Ximena parish Guayaquil , Ecuador. With a universe of 1313 students, they are screened with a Snellen card, defining as visual limitation all visual acuity below 20/50 parameters required by the visual health program of the Ministry of Public Health (MSP) for the delivery of Lenses, are taken as variables sex, visual acuity, diagnosis, pre-existing pathologies, hours / day use of electronic devices. Results: myopia with 48.34%, astigmatism 35.93% and hypermetropic astigmatism with 25.87%, as the predisposing factors, the hereditary factor found that only 31% of children with refractive errors have a hereditary history by the father or Mother, at the time designated to use electronic devices is an average of 3.29 hours. Children with some type of ametropia use for more than one hour day compared to children with emmetropic vision that have 58% a record of 1 hour day of use, with a confidence interval of 4. Conclusions: In the evaluated group there was a lower degree of comparison ametropes to other studies with a clear influence of electronic devices. Keywords: refractive errors, children, technology
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Pediatria, Errores de refracción, Salud ocular, Escuela Primaria José María Lequerica, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Uso de equipos tecnológicos