Factores de riesgo y complicaciones en parto pretérmino de madres adolescentes
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2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El presente trabajo investigativo permite evaluar, conocer y determinar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de partos pretermino en gestantes adolescentes y complicaciones de la misma, se define al parto prematuro a todo aquel trabajo de parto que se lleva a cabo entre la semana 22 y 37 del periodo de gestación, lo cual corresponde a una edad gestacional mayor de 154 días, periodo en el cual el feto posee un peso superior a los 500 gramos aproximadamente 18 millones de adolescentes en edades dentro del rango de 15 hasta 19 años y aproximadamente 1 millón con edad inferior a este rango se embarazan de forma anual en países en vías de desarrollo, lo cual supone una situación de riesgo, considerando que el parto prematuro se encuentra en 1 de cada 5 casos de gestación adolecente, generando un impacto negativo hacia la calidad de vida de los mismos, con afectaciones motoras y psicológicas, analizaremos los casos de parto pretermino en gestantes adolecentes a nivel del hospital General Guasmo Sur en el periodo de Agosto del 2017 y Diciembre del 2018, según estadísticas observaremos un significativo aumento del número de pacientes con estas características que desenlazan en parto pretermino, he ahí la necesidad la detección de factores de riesgo y complicaciones para mejorar el
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diagnóstico y abordaje de las pacientes con la finalidad de obtener información que permita mejorar los protocolos de atención y disminuir la morbilidad asociada a este tipo de embarazos de riesgo, es así que mediante un estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo, es así que tendremos factores maternos como la escolaridad, abuso de sustancias, trastornos de personalidad y menarquia temprana, factores familiares como inestabilidad en el hogar, conflictos familiares, de falta comunicación y orientación sexual, factores sociales como, nivel económico, machismo, falta de oportunidades laborales, factores ambientales como zonas rurales o de difícil acceso, embarazos no deseados y madres solteras, factores de riesgo materno en este grupo destacan, talla por debajo de 1,5 metros, peso por debajo de 45 kilos, desnutrición y enfermedades crónicas asociadas finalmente a estos factores podemos relacionar ciertos antecedentes ginecológicos, como partos prematuros previos, embarazo múltiple, esto sumado a complicaciones Como infección de vías urinarias y ruptura prematura de membrana.
The present investigative work allows to evaluate, know and determine the risk factors associated with the development of preterm births in pregnant women and complications of it, premature birth is defined to all that labor that takes place between week 22 and 37 of the gestation period, which corresponds to a gestational age greater than 154 days, period in which the fetus has a weight greater than 500 grams approximately 18 million adolescents in ages ranging from 15 to 19 years and approximately 1 million with age lower than this range are pregnant annually in developing countries, which is a risk situation, considering that premature birth is found in 1 of every 5 cases of adolescent pregnancy, generating a negative impact on the quality of life of the same, with motor and psychological affectations, we will analyze the cases of preterm delivery in adolescent pregnants at the level of General Guasmo Sur hospital in the period 2017-2018, according to statistics we will observe a significant increase in the number of patients with these characteristics that unlink in preterm birth, this is the need for the detection of risk factors and complications to improve the diagnosis and approach of the patients in order to obtain information to improve care protocols and reduce the morbidity associated with this type of risk pregnancies, so that through a descriptive, observational and retrospective study, XVIII we will have maternal factors such as schooling, abuse of substances, personality disorders and early menarche, family factors such as instability in the home, family conflicts, lack of communication and sexual orientation, social factors such as, economic level, machismo, lack of job opportunities, environmental factors such as rural or difficult areas access, unwanted pregnancies and mothers lteras, maternal risk factors in this group stand out, height below 1.5 meters, weight under 45 kilos, malnutrition and chronic diseases finally associated with these factors we can relate certain gynecological antecedents, such as preterm births, multiple pregnancy, this added to complications As urinary tract infection and premature membrane rupture.
The present investigative work allows to evaluate, know and determine the risk factors associated with the development of preterm births in pregnant women and complications of it, premature birth is defined to all that labor that takes place between week 22 and 37 of the gestation period, which corresponds to a gestational age greater than 154 days, period in which the fetus has a weight greater than 500 grams approximately 18 million adolescents in ages ranging from 15 to 19 years and approximately 1 million with age lower than this range are pregnant annually in developing countries, which is a risk situation, considering that premature birth is found in 1 of every 5 cases of adolescent pregnancy, generating a negative impact on the quality of life of the same, with motor and psychological affectations, we will analyze the cases of preterm delivery in adolescent pregnants at the level of General Guasmo Sur hospital in the period 2017-2018, according to statistics we will observe a significant increase in the number of patients with these characteristics that unlink in preterm birth, this is the need for the detection of risk factors and complications to improve the diagnosis and approach of the patients in order to obtain information to improve care protocols and reduce the morbidity associated with this type of risk pregnancies, so that through a descriptive, observational and retrospective study, XVIII we will have maternal factors such as schooling, abuse of substances, personality disorders and early menarche, family factors such as instability in the home, family conflicts, lack of communication and sexual orientation, social factors such as, economic level, machismo, lack of job opportunities, environmental factors such as rural or difficult areas access, unwanted pregnancies and mothers lteras, maternal risk factors in this group stand out, height below 1.5 meters, weight under 45 kilos, malnutrition and chronic diseases finally associated with these factors we can relate certain gynecological antecedents, such as preterm births, multiple pregnancy, this added to complications As urinary tract infection and premature membrane rupture.
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Parto prematuro, Embarazo en adolescencia, Salud materno-infantil, Factores de riesgo, Complicaciones, Hospital General Guasmo Sur, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador