Complicaciones y factores de riesgo en gastronteritis en niños menores de 2 años realizado en el Hospital Francisco de Icaza Bustamante en el 2018
Fecha
2019
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
RESUMEN: Este estudio realizado bajo observación indirecta, de corte transversal, tipo descriptivo por obtención de datos estadísticos, tiene el objetivo de conocer los factores de riesgo y complicaciones en pacientes hospitalizados en el área de gastroenterología del Hospital Icaza Bustamante - MSP en el año 2018. La gastroenteritis aguda se define como una disminución de la consistencia de las deposiciones o un aumento en el número de las mismas (3 o más en 24 horas), que puede ir acompañada de vómitos, dolor abdominal y/o fiebre, su duración suele ser menor de 7 días y para considerarla como aguda, siempre menor de 2 semanas.
En nuestro estudio cuya muestra es de 312 pacientes pediátricos comprendidos entre las edades menores de 2 años determinamos que los principales factores de riesgo se mantienen lo dicho por la OMS, siendo predominantes las infecciones, malnutrición, aguas contaminadas, factores ambientales entre otras. El agente etiológico más frecuente del estudio fue el Rotavirus en un 41.8%.
Dentro del grupo de edad que tiene más prevalencia en tener gastroenteritis tenemos un porcentaje de 20.19% predominando los menores de 6 meses, dentro de las principales complicaciones que se evidenciaron en el estudio tenemos la deshidratación moderada-grave siendo el 30% de los pacientes; entre las demás complicaciones las convulsiones febriles, acidosis entre otras. Hay que recalcar que la gastroenteritis, es una de las principales problemáticas de la emergencia Pediátrica diaria, por las necesidades de dar un tratamiento oportuno para evitar futras complicaciones.
SUMMARY: his study conducted under indirect observation, cross-sectional, descriptive type by obtaining statistical data, aims to know the risk factors and complications in hospitalized patients in the area of gastroenterology Icaza Bustamante-MSP Hospital in the year 2018. Acute gastroenteritis is defined as a decrease in the consistency of bowel movements or an increase in the number of stools (3 or more in 24 hours), that can be accompanied by vomiting, abdominal pain and/or fever, its duration is usually less than 7 days and to consider As acute, always less than 2 weeks. In our study whose sample is of 312 pediatric patients between the ages under 2 years we determine that the main risk factors are maintained by who, being predominant infections, malnutrition, contaminated water, environmental factors among others. The most common etiologic agent of the study was Rotavirus in 41.8%. Within the age group that has the most prevalence in having gastroenteritis we have a percentage of 20.19% predominating the children under 6 months, within the main complications that were evident in the study we have moderate-serious dehydration being 30% of patients; Among other complications, febrile convulsions, acidosis, among others. To emphasize that gastroenteritis is one of the main problems of daily pediatric emergencies, due to the need to give a timely treatment to avoid complications.
SUMMARY: his study conducted under indirect observation, cross-sectional, descriptive type by obtaining statistical data, aims to know the risk factors and complications in hospitalized patients in the area of gastroenterology Icaza Bustamante-MSP Hospital in the year 2018. Acute gastroenteritis is defined as a decrease in the consistency of bowel movements or an increase in the number of stools (3 or more in 24 hours), that can be accompanied by vomiting, abdominal pain and/or fever, its duration is usually less than 7 days and to consider As acute, always less than 2 weeks. In our study whose sample is of 312 pediatric patients between the ages under 2 years we determine that the main risk factors are maintained by who, being predominant infections, malnutrition, contaminated water, environmental factors among others. The most common etiologic agent of the study was Rotavirus in 41.8%. Within the age group that has the most prevalence in having gastroenteritis we have a percentage of 20.19% predominating the children under 6 months, within the main complications that were evident in the study we have moderate-serious dehydration being 30% of patients; Among other complications, febrile convulsions, acidosis, among others. To emphasize that gastroenteritis is one of the main problems of daily pediatric emergencies, due to the need to give a timely treatment to avoid complications.
Descripción
PDF
Palabras clave
Gastroenteritis, Factores de riesgo, Complicaciones, Pediatría, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Epidemiología descriptiva