Estudio de neonatos con pulsioximetria baja y su relación con cardiopatías. Realizado en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur durante el período 2017-2018
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La cardiopatía congénita, es una de las patologías con mayor tasa de
morbilidad y mortalidad a largo plazo, a nivel mundial se estima que menos del
10% de los nacidos vivos se ven afectados por algún tipo de compromiso
cardiológico o circulatorio desde el nacimiento. En Ecuador, no se tienen hasta
el momento resultados objetivos sobre la real incidencia de esta enfermedad ni
de cuáles son las más frecuentes. El presente estudio de forma analítica,
observacional, indirecta y retrospectiva pretende determinar cuáles son las
cardiopatías más frecuentes en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur de Guayaquil
durante el periodo 2017-2018. Con un total 132 nacidos vivos, con sospecha
clínica de cardiopatía congénita, ya que obtuvieron una saturación inferior al
94%, 16 pacientes presentaron clínica sugestiva (soplo y saturación menor a
90%) y confirmación mediante estudio imagenológico; además el 51% fueron
mujeres, con edad promedio de 15.37 días( DS8.28), nivel económico bajo en
el 52%, peso y talla normal en el 77%, siendo la comunicación interventricular la
lesión más frecuente con 4 casos, seguido por Ductus Arterioso Persistente en
3 casos, Tetralogía de Fallot, Coartación De Aorta y anomalía de Epstein Barr
en 1.52% y Comunicación interauricular, auriculovenricular y Estenosis de aorta
en 0.75%; obteniendo una incidencia del 12% en nuestro estudio de cardiopatía
congénita.
Palabras Claves: Cardiopatía congénita; Incidencia, diagnóstico
ecocardiográfico, defecto septum atrioventricular, cardiopatías congénitas,
diagnóstico precoz, corazón neonatal, resultado neonatal, tamizaje por oximetría
de pulso
Congenital heart disease is one of the pathologies with the highest rate of morbidity and long-term mortality, worldwide it is estimated that less than 10% of live births are affected by some type of cardiological or circulatory commitment from birth. In Ecuador, there are no objective results so far on the real incidence of this disease or which are the most frequent. The present study in an analytical, observational, indirect and retrospective way, aims to determine which are the most frequent heart diseases in the Guasmo Sur General Hospital of Guayaquil during the 2017-2018 period. With a total of 132 live births, with clinical suspicion of congenital heart disease, since obtained a saturation lower than 94%, 16 patients presented suggestive symptoms (murmur and saturation less than 90%) and confirmation by imaging study; In addition, 51% were women, with an average age of 15.37 days (DS8.28), low economic level in 52%, weight and normal height in 77%, with the interventricular communication being the most frequent lesion with 4 cases, followed by Persistent Arterial Ductus in 3 cases, Tetralogy of Fallot, Aortic Coarctation and Epstein Barr anomaly in 1.52%, and atrial, atrioventricular, and aortic stenosis in 0.75%; obtaining an incidence of 12% in our study of congenital heart disease.
Congenital heart disease is one of the pathologies with the highest rate of morbidity and long-term mortality, worldwide it is estimated that less than 10% of live births are affected by some type of cardiological or circulatory commitment from birth. In Ecuador, there are no objective results so far on the real incidence of this disease or which are the most frequent. The present study in an analytical, observational, indirect and retrospective way, aims to determine which are the most frequent heart diseases in the Guasmo Sur General Hospital of Guayaquil during the 2017-2018 period. With a total of 132 live births, with clinical suspicion of congenital heart disease, since obtained a saturation lower than 94%, 16 patients presented suggestive symptoms (murmur and saturation less than 90%) and confirmation by imaging study; In addition, 51% were women, with an average age of 15.37 days (DS8.28), low economic level in 52%, weight and normal height in 77%, with the interventricular communication being the most frequent lesion with 4 cases, followed by Persistent Arterial Ductus in 3 cases, Tetralogy of Fallot, Aortic Coarctation and Epstein Barr anomaly in 1.52%, and atrial, atrioventricular, and aortic stenosis in 0.75%; obtaining an incidence of 12% in our study of congenital heart disease.
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Recién nacido, Oximetría, Cardiopatías, Indicadores de morbimortalidad, Epidemiología analítica, Hospital General Guasmo Sur, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Cardiopatías congénitas