LA LUDOTERAPIA COMO ESTRATEGIA DE AFRONTAMIENTO EN ADULTOS MAYORES CON SOLEDAD FAMILIAR, USUARIOS DE LA FUNDACIÓN NURTAC DURÁN
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2019-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil Facultad de Ciencias Psicológicas
Resumen
La vejez es una etapa de la vida que requiere el apoyo familiar, como red prioritaria de apoyo social. Es en este espacio, donde se deben generar el respeto y la atención necesaria para los adultos mayores, sin embargo, al fallar estos elementos, el individuo puede verse afectado, debilitándose en los aspectos biopsicosociales. Por ello surge el interés de investigar sobre la Ludoterapia y sus beneficios en adultos mayores con soledad familiar, usuarios de la Fundación Nurtac. Objetivo General: Caracterizar la Ludoterapia como estrategia de afrontamiento en adultos mayores de 65 a 75 años con soledad familiar, usuarios de la Fundación “NURTAC-Durán. Metodología: se basó en un enfoque cualitativo con Diseño No Experimental transversal-descriptivo, tomando como una muestra de 10 adultos mayores, los cuales fueron seleccionados mediante criterios de inclusión planteados en la investigación. Resultados: Los instrumentos y técnicas aplicados para evaluar las percepciones iniciales y estilos de afrontamiento identificaron reducida integración en actividades grupales, un inadecuado uso de los canales de comunicación, poca confianza en sí mismos, y baja autoestima, posteriormente, tras las sesiones de aplicación de la técnica de Ludoterapia, la muestra alcanzó la capacidad para relacionarse entre pares, la identificación de nuevos elementos de apoyo social, capacidad de concentrar atención en otros eventos distintos a los que traían consigo en relación con la soledad familiar, obtención de mayor autonomía e independencia en sus funciones, capacidad de expresarse abiertamente sin sentirse cohibidos, mejorando la calidad de vida de los sujetos que presentan soledad familiar
Old age is a stage of life that requires family support, as a priority network of social support. It is in this space, where the necessary respect and attention for older adults must be generated, however, when these elements fail, the individual can be affected, weakening in the biopsychosocial aspects. That is why there is an interest in researching on Ludotherapy and its benefits in older adults with family loneliness, users of the Nurtac Foundation. General Objective: To characterize Ludotherapy as a coping strategy in adults over 65 to 75 years of age with family loneliness, users of the “NURTAC-Durán Foundation. Methodology: it was based on a qualitative approach with cross-descriptive Non-Experimental Design, taking as a sample of 10 older adults, which were selected by inclusion criteria proposed in the research. Results: The instruments and techniques applied to evaluate initial perceptions and coping styles identified reduced integration into group activities, inadequate use of communication channels, low self-confidence, and low self-esteem, subsequently, after the technique application sessions In Ludotherapy, the sample reached the ability to interact with peers, the identification of new elements of social support, the ability to focus attention on events other than those brought about in relation to family loneliness, obtaining greater autonomy and independence in their functions, ability to express themselves openly without feeling self-conscious, improving the quality of life of subjects who present family loneliness
Old age is a stage of life that requires family support, as a priority network of social support. It is in this space, where the necessary respect and attention for older adults must be generated, however, when these elements fail, the individual can be affected, weakening in the biopsychosocial aspects. That is why there is an interest in researching on Ludotherapy and its benefits in older adults with family loneliness, users of the Nurtac Foundation. General Objective: To characterize Ludotherapy as a coping strategy in adults over 65 to 75 years of age with family loneliness, users of the “NURTAC-Durán Foundation. Methodology: it was based on a qualitative approach with cross-descriptive Non-Experimental Design, taking as a sample of 10 older adults, which were selected by inclusion criteria proposed in the research. Results: The instruments and techniques applied to evaluate initial perceptions and coping styles identified reduced integration into group activities, inadequate use of communication channels, low self-confidence, and low self-esteem, subsequently, after the technique application sessions In Ludotherapy, the sample reached the ability to interact with peers, the identification of new elements of social support, the ability to focus attention on events other than those brought about in relation to family loneliness, obtaining greater autonomy and independence in their functions, ability to express themselves openly without feeling self-conscious, improving the quality of life of subjects who present family loneliness
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Palabras clave
adulto mayor, soledad familiar, estrategias de afrontamiento, ludoterapia