Estudio sobre la creación de unidad multidisciplinar para el tratamiento de disfagia orofaríngea
Fecha
2016
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La disfagia orofaríngea es una alteración prevalente en los pacientes hospitalizados,
especialmente en aquellos de riesgo, como son los pacientes neurológicos. El efecto
principal de la misma, es la neumonía, que produce aumento en los indicadores como la
morbimortalidad, estancia hospitalaria, incrementando así los costes hospitalarios. El
objetivo de este estudio es determinar la situación actual de disfagia entre los pacientes
hospitalizados en el servicio de Neurología del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo
(HTMC), en Octubre del 2016. Se obtuvo datos del sistema informático del HTMC
para determinar la prevalencia de disfagia entre pacientes hospitalizados y se realizó un
test de cribado mediante la encuesta EAT-10 a los pacientes hospitalizados en el
servicio de Neurología. Los datos obtenidos arrojaron que el diagnóstico de disfagia
como diagnóstico principal estuvo presente en 26 pacientes del total de pacientes del
HTMC, 53,8% mujeres y 46,2% varones, edad 66±17,16 años; mientras que los
resultados de la encuesta mencionada realizada en el área de Neurología determinaron
que 77,7% de los encuestados presentaban sospecha de alteración en la deglución, como
consecuencia de una patología neurológica de base, siendo dicha alteración más
prevalente (74%) en los que el evento cerebrovascular era su diagnóstico de ingreso de
los cuales 81,8% fueron varones y 18,2% mujeres, edad 70±6,8 años. Con los
resultados obtenidos en el estudio se propone la creación de una Unidad para el
Diagnóstico de la Disfagia Orofaríngea para realizar una intervención diagnóstico–
terapéutica precoz y de esta manera aumentar la calidad de atención y disminuir costes
hospitalarios.
Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a prevalent alteration in hospitalized patients, especially those at risk, such as neurological patients. The main effect is pneumonia, which causes an increase in indicators such as morbidity and mortality, as well as prolonged hospital stay, thus increasing hospital costs. The objective of this study is to determine the current status dysphagia among patients hospitalized at Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital (HTMC) Neurology service in October 2016. Data were obtained from the HTMC computer system to determine the prevalence of dysphagia among hospitalized patients and a screening test was performed by the EAT-10 test to patients hospitalized in the Neurology service. The data obtained showed that the diagnosis of dysphagia as the main diagnosis was present in 26 patients of the total HTMC patients, 53.8% female and 46.2% male, age 66 ± 17.16 years; While the results of EAT-10 test conducted in the area of Neurology determined that 77.7% of the respondents presented suspicion of altered swallowing, as a consequence of a basic neurological pathology, being the most prevalent alteration (74%) in cerebrovascular event was their diagnosis of admission, 81.8% were male and 18.2% female, age 70 ± 6.8 years. With the results obtained in the study it is proposed the creation of a Unit for the Diagnosis of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia to perform an early diagnostic-therapeutic intervention and in this way increase the quality of care and decrease hospital costs.
Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a prevalent alteration in hospitalized patients, especially those at risk, such as neurological patients. The main effect is pneumonia, which causes an increase in indicators such as morbidity and mortality, as well as prolonged hospital stay, thus increasing hospital costs. The objective of this study is to determine the current status dysphagia among patients hospitalized at Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital (HTMC) Neurology service in October 2016. Data were obtained from the HTMC computer system to determine the prevalence of dysphagia among hospitalized patients and a screening test was performed by the EAT-10 test to patients hospitalized in the Neurology service. The data obtained showed that the diagnosis of dysphagia as the main diagnosis was present in 26 patients of the total HTMC patients, 53.8% female and 46.2% male, age 66 ± 17.16 years; While the results of EAT-10 test conducted in the area of Neurology determined that 77.7% of the respondents presented suspicion of altered swallowing, as a consequence of a basic neurological pathology, being the most prevalent alteration (74%) in cerebrovascular event was their diagnosis of admission, 81.8% were male and 18.2% female, age 70 ± 6.8 years. With the results obtained in the study it is proposed the creation of a Unit for the Diagnosis of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia to perform an early diagnostic-therapeutic intervention and in this way increase the quality of care and decrease hospital costs.
Descripción
PDF
Palabras clave
Disfagia orofaríngea, Costos hospitalarios, Pacientes internos, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Implementación de plan de salud, Epidemiología descriptiva