Análisis y mejora de la gestión de inventarios de materias primas en HEC planta Guayaquil
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Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas
Resumen
La actual desaceleración económica que experimenta el Ecuador ha afectado significativamente al sector de la construcción, mercado consumidor del cemento. Para esta industria es un reto equilibrar la disminución de la demanda con los altos volúmenes mínimos requeridos de adquisición relacionados al tipo de materia prima como son: puzolana, yeso y petcoke. El objetivo de la presente investigación es presentar un plan de mejoramiento en la gestión de inventarios de materias primas en la planta Guayaquil de HEC. Una adecuada administración conlleva a un análisis de los costos inherentes, de los procesos y los factores que influyen en la toma de decisiones. Se evalúan algunos factores que inciden en el incremento de costos de los materiales: costos de almacenamiento en puerto, costos por exceso de inventario y costos por transporte. La entrevista también fue un importante aporte para saber la situación de los inventarios y los criterios para realizar pedidos de reposición. En el levantamiento de información se evidenció distorsión en la gestión de inventario provocando gastos adicionales por transporte innecesario, almacenamiento en el puerto e inclusive ubicación del petcoke a la intemperie exponiendo a riesgos de pérdida. Para establecer la planificación de compras propuesta para el año 2017 se analizaron dos modelos de pronósticos: suavización o ajuste exponencial y promedios o medias móviles. La investigación realizada demostró que el método de suavización exponencial es el que menor error tiene y por lo tanto es el más adecuado. Finalmente, se elabora la planificación de compras de materia primas.
The current economic slowdown experienced by Ecuador has significantly affected the construction sector, consumer cement market. For this industry is a challenge to balance the decline in demand with high minimum volumes required acquisition related to the type of raw material such as: pozzolan, plaster and petcoke. The aim of this research is to present a plan for improvement in inventory management of raw materials in the Guayaquil plant HEC. A proper administration leads to an analysis of the costs involved, processes and factors that influence decision making. Port storage costs, costs of excess inventory and transportation costs: some factors affecting the increase in costs of materials are evaluated. The interview was also an important contribution to know the status of inventories and criteria for reorders. In gathering information distortion it was evident in inventory management causing unnecessary additional costs for transportation, storage at the port location of petcoke and even outdoors exposing risk of loss. or exponential smoothing adjustment and averages or moving averages: to establish procurement planning proposal for 2017 forecasts two models were analyzed. The investigation showed that the method of exponential smoothing is the minor error has and therefore is best suited. Finally, planning purchases of raw material is processed.
The current economic slowdown experienced by Ecuador has significantly affected the construction sector, consumer cement market. For this industry is a challenge to balance the decline in demand with high minimum volumes required acquisition related to the type of raw material such as: pozzolan, plaster and petcoke. The aim of this research is to present a plan for improvement in inventory management of raw materials in the Guayaquil plant HEC. A proper administration leads to an analysis of the costs involved, processes and factors that influence decision making. Port storage costs, costs of excess inventory and transportation costs: some factors affecting the increase in costs of materials are evaluated. The interview was also an important contribution to know the status of inventories and criteria for reorders. In gathering information distortion it was evident in inventory management causing unnecessary additional costs for transportation, storage at the port location of petcoke and even outdoors exposing risk of loss. or exponential smoothing adjustment and averages or moving averages: to establish procurement planning proposal for 2017 forecasts two models were analyzed. The investigation showed that the method of exponential smoothing is the minor error has and therefore is best suited. Finally, planning purchases of raw material is processed.
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ADMISNISTRACIÓN DE INVENTARIO, CEMENTO, PRONÓSTICO, SUAVIZACÍON EXPONENCIAL