Prevalencia de la escoliosis idiopática en adolescentes
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2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La escoliosis idiopática es una deformidad de la columna vertebral que se puede estudiar a través de un examen físico, las manifestaciones clínicas y por medio de estudios complementarios como radiografías. Esta patología es de carácter progresivo, limitante de la capacidad física y puede llegar a afectar por completo el estilo de vida de los pacientes que la padezcan. El tratamiento fisioterapéutico, y ortopédico es la primera opción para evitar la progresión de la curvatura de la columna vertebral. Objetivo: Identificar y determinar la prevalencia de la escoliosis idiopática en adolescentes en el Hospital Francisco de Ycaza Bustamante. En los periodos 2016 a 2018. Método: El presente trabajo de investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo de corte transversal se realizó en el Hospital docente Francisco de Ycaza Bustamante, se recolectaron los datos necesarios a través de las historias clínicas, se usó herramienta estadística el método actuarial, Resultados: Se procesó los datos y variables en una hoja de Excel, se analizaron 272 casos de los cuales 195 fueron diagnosticados con escoliosis idiopática juvenil, de estos 68% fueron niñas y 32% fueron niños. También se analizaron los otros tipos de escoliosis de los cuales 72 casos fueron escoliosis congénita y 5 casos fueron neuromuscular, referente a la edad que mayor incidencia tiene la escoliosis idiopática es a los 14 años. El lugar de procedencia que presenta mayor número de casos es la provincia del guayas con un 90% de casos. Finalmente, el análisis respecto al tratamiento que reciben estos pacientes un 68% de los casos se basa en terapia física y natación.
Idiopathic scoliosis is a deformity of the spine that can be studied through a physical examination, clinical manifestations and through complementary studies such as x-rays. This pathology is progressive, limiting physical capacity and can completely affect the lifestyle of patients who suffer. The physiotherapy, and orthopedic treatment is the first option to prevent the progression of the curvature of the spine. Objective: Identify and determine the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents at the Hospital Francisco de Ycaza Bustamante. In the periods 2016 to 2018. Method: The present research work has a quantitative cross-sectional objective was carried out in the Teaching Hospital Francisco de Ycaza Bustamante, the necessary data were collected through the clinical histories, the actuarial method was used statistical tool, and variables were processed in an Excel sheet, 272 cases were analyzed, of which 195 were diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis, of these 68% were girls and 32% were boys. We also analyzed the other types of scoliosis, of which 72 cases were congenital scoliosis and 5 cases were neuromuscular, referring to the age with the highest incidence of idiopathic scoliosis is at 14 years. The place of origin that presents the highest number of cases is the province of Guayas with 90% of cases. Finally, the analysis regarding the treatment that these patients receive 68% of the cases is based on physical therapy and swimming.
Idiopathic scoliosis is a deformity of the spine that can be studied through a physical examination, clinical manifestations and through complementary studies such as x-rays. This pathology is progressive, limiting physical capacity and can completely affect the lifestyle of patients who suffer. The physiotherapy, and orthopedic treatment is the first option to prevent the progression of the curvature of the spine. Objective: Identify and determine the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents at the Hospital Francisco de Ycaza Bustamante. In the periods 2016 to 2018. Method: The present research work has a quantitative cross-sectional objective was carried out in the Teaching Hospital Francisco de Ycaza Bustamante, the necessary data were collected through the clinical histories, the actuarial method was used statistical tool, and variables were processed in an Excel sheet, 272 cases were analyzed, of which 195 were diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis, of these 68% were girls and 32% were boys. We also analyzed the other types of scoliosis, of which 72 cases were congenital scoliosis and 5 cases were neuromuscular, referring to the age with the highest incidence of idiopathic scoliosis is at 14 years. The place of origin that presents the highest number of cases is the province of Guayas with 90% of cases. Finally, the analysis regarding the treatment that these patients receive 68% of the cases is based on physical therapy and swimming.
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ADOLESCENTE, ESCOLIOSIS IDIOPATICA, TRATAMIENTO, HOSPITAL DEL NIÑO FRANCISCO DE ICAZA BUSTAMANTE, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR