Prevalencia del estado mutacional del receptor del factor del crecimiento epidérmico en cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas, Hospital Guayaquil, período 2011-2012
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2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Unidad de Postgrado. Investigación y Desarrollo
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El cáncer de pulmón es considerado altamente letal, ya que las terapias disponibles hasta el momento han tenido poca respuesta. Aproximadamente el 85% corresponde al tipo histológico de células no pequeñas (NSCLC). Se conocen en la actualidad factores predictivos de respuesta a tratamientos específicos, uno de ellos es la presencia de mutación del gen que codifica el factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGF-R) responsable de la poca respuesta al tratamiento estándar, pero que confiere mayor sensibilidad a los fármacos inhibidores de la tirosinkinasa. Según el estudio de Rossell (2005) realizado en España, la mutación del EGF-R representó el 16,6% de los pacientes con NSCLC, siendo más frecuente en mujeres (69,7%); los no fumadores constituyeron el 66,6%; y el adenocarcinoma representó el 80,9%. El estudio EUROTAC (European Randomised Trial of Tarceva vs. Chemtherapy) determinó que el 10% de los pacientes occidentales y el 30% de los asiáticos presentan esta mutación. Con estos antecedentes, y al no tener datos locales, se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo, de diseño no experimental, transversal, para estimar la prevalencia del estado mutacional del EGF-R entre los pacientes que acudieron al Hospital “Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón” entre el 01 de enero al 31 de diciembre del 2011, con diagnóstico de NSCLC subtipo adenocarcinoma, indistintamente de su estadío. Se incluyeron 51 pacientes. Los resultados mostraron que la prevalencia de mutación del EGF-R es del 33,3%, la edad promedio fue de 57,5 años; el 58,8% fueron de sexo masculino, 82,4% de estos pacientes pertenecían a un estrato socioeconómico medio, 64,7% tenían una preparación académica superior. Los antecedentes familiares se reportaron en el 11,8% de los casos con mutación; el 11,8% informó hábito de tabaquismo. La ocupación de la mayoría de los pacientes fueron labores administrativos y quehaceres domésticos
Lung cancer non-small cell is a highly lethal malignancy due to the poor therapeutic treatment available so far to treat this disease. For this reason the medicine is trying to find predictors of treatment response in order to select the most appropriate management for these patients. One of these is the presence of a mutation in the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor that makes this transmembrane protein, this overexpressed in these tumors, which produces a resistance to traditional treatment being associated with a worse prognosis and survival of those affected by this cancer. For this reason, identify this group of patients’ plays an important role in improving outcomes of therapy. This is important for institutions like the, Abel Gilbert hospital, which treats a significant number of patients. However, this information was not available, which is why we developed a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of mutational status receptor of epidermal growth factor in lung cancer non-small cell. 51 patients were included. The results were presented as simple frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations. The results showed that the prevalence of mutation of growth factor receptor in patients with lung cancer non-small cell is 33.3%. The average age of 57.5 years. 58.8% are male. 82.4% of these patients come from middle socioeconomic strata. 64.7% have a higher academic family history was reported in 11.8% of cases with mutation. 11.8% reported a smoking habit. The occupation of most of the patients were engaged in administrative work and housework
Lung cancer non-small cell is a highly lethal malignancy due to the poor therapeutic treatment available so far to treat this disease. For this reason the medicine is trying to find predictors of treatment response in order to select the most appropriate management for these patients. One of these is the presence of a mutation in the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor that makes this transmembrane protein, this overexpressed in these tumors, which produces a resistance to traditional treatment being associated with a worse prognosis and survival of those affected by this cancer. For this reason, identify this group of patients’ plays an important role in improving outcomes of therapy. This is important for institutions like the, Abel Gilbert hospital, which treats a significant number of patients. However, this information was not available, which is why we developed a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of mutational status receptor of epidermal growth factor in lung cancer non-small cell. 51 patients were included. The results were presented as simple frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations. The results showed that the prevalence of mutation of growth factor receptor in patients with lung cancer non-small cell is 33.3%. The average age of 57.5 years. 58.8% are male. 82.4% of these patients come from middle socioeconomic strata. 64.7% have a higher academic family history was reported in 11.8% of cases with mutation. 11.8% reported a smoking habit. The occupation of most of the patients were engaged in administrative work and housework
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Neoplasias pulmonares, Mutación, Factor de crecimiento epidérmico, Tabaquismo, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador