Complicaciones obstétricas que se presentan en la labor de parto de los embarazos adolescentes
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2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
El embarazo adolescente es muy frecuente en la actualidad, lo que se ha relacionado con un aumento en la incidencia de patologías durante el embarazo y parto. La probabilidad de presentarse una complicación obstétrica en la reproducción es 2 veces mayor cuando la adolescente está entre los 15 y los 19 años, pero es 6 veces mayor cuando la joven es menor de 15 años. Por tal motivo el objetivo principal del estudio fue identificar las complicaciones obstétricas más frecuentes que se presentaron en la labor de parto en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital obstétrico Ángela Loayza de Ollague, ubicado en el cantón de Santa Rosa, durante 1 de enero al 30 junio 2019, se utilizó una muestra de 100 embarazadas siendo un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal y no experimental. Entre los resultados más importantes se observó que la desproporción cefalopélvica ocupa el primero lugar en complicaciones obstétricas (30%), seguido de los trastornos hipertensivos (26%), mientras que complicaciones como placenta previa y sepsis no se reportaron, se encontró que el principal factor de riesgo para la presentación de complicaciones fue los controles prenatales deficientes. En conclusión, el embarazo en la etapa adolescente conlleva a significativas complicaciones maternas y neonatales por lo que se propone un plan de charlas educativas sobre controles prenatales e identificación de factores de riesgo que conlleven a disminuir las complicaciones obstétricas de producirse un embarazo adolescente
Teen pregnancy is very common today, which has been linked to an increase in the incidence of pathologies during pregnancy and childbirth. The probability of presenting an obstetric complication in reproduction is 2 times higher when the adolescent is between 15 and 19 years old, but it is 6 times greater when the young woman is under 15 years old. For this reason, the main objective of the study was to identify the most frequent obstetric complications that occurred in labor in patients treated at the Ángela Loayza de Ollague Obstetric Hospital, located in the canton of Santa Rosa, from January 1 to June 30 2019, a sample of 100 pregnant women was used as a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental study. Among the most important results, it was observed that cephalopelvic disproportion occupies first place in obstetric complications (30%), followed by hypertensive disorders (26%), while complications such as placenta previa and sepsis were not reported, it was found that the main Risk factor for presenting complications was poor prenatal controls. In conclusion, pregnancy in the adolescent stage leads to significant maternal and neonatal complications, so it is proposed a plan of educational talks on prenatal controls and identification of risk factors that lead to decrease obstetric complications of teenage pregnancy.
Teen pregnancy is very common today, which has been linked to an increase in the incidence of pathologies during pregnancy and childbirth. The probability of presenting an obstetric complication in reproduction is 2 times higher when the adolescent is between 15 and 19 years old, but it is 6 times greater when the young woman is under 15 years old. For this reason, the main objective of the study was to identify the most frequent obstetric complications that occurred in labor in patients treated at the Ángela Loayza de Ollague Obstetric Hospital, located in the canton of Santa Rosa, from January 1 to June 30 2019, a sample of 100 pregnant women was used as a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental study. Among the most important results, it was observed that cephalopelvic disproportion occupies first place in obstetric complications (30%), followed by hypertensive disorders (26%), while complications such as placenta previa and sepsis were not reported, it was found that the main Risk factor for presenting complications was poor prenatal controls. In conclusion, pregnancy in the adolescent stage leads to significant maternal and neonatal complications, so it is proposed a plan of educational talks on prenatal controls and identification of risk factors that lead to decrease obstetric complications of teenage pregnancy.
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Complicaciones del trabajo de parto, Embarazo en adolescencia, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Angela Loayza de Ollague, Cantón Santa Rosa, Ecuador