Factores asociados al trauma y fallecimiento en accidentes de tránsito de motociclistas en el cantón Caluma
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Los accidentes de tránsito son la décima causas de muerte en todo el mundo, produciendo millones de lesiones de gravedad y debilitantes como fracturas, contusiones, laceraciones graves, lesiones internas, cortes, aplastamiento y shock severo que generalmente necesitan de tratamiento médico e incluso hospitalización. El objetivo general fue diseñar un modelo de atención de emergencia de los traumatismos por accidente de tránsito en motocicleta dirigido a pacientes atendidos en un Centro de Salud de Caluma. El estudio fue de enfoque cuantitativo, retrospectivo y transversal que analizó las historias clínicas de los pacientes desde 1 de enero hasta el 30 de septiembre del 2016. Se utilizó el método científico empírico para la obtención de los resultados. El volcamiento (49%) y la colisión o choque (27%) fueron los tipos principales de accidentes de tránsito en motocicleta, mientras que el traumatismo directo (85%) y los traumatismos de alta energía (82%) ocurrieron en mayor frecuencia. Las principales lesiones fueron la excoriación (65%), la herida cortante (51%) y el traumatismo craneoencefálico en el 33%). El cráneo (51%) , las extremidades inferiores (35%), las extremidades superiores (33%) y la cara (22%) fueron las regiones corporales más afectadas. Debido a la gravedad y complejidad de las lesiones, hubo 6 pacientes (11%) que fallecieron en el centro de salud. Los principales factores de riesgo asociados a los accidentes de tránsito en motocicleta fueron: la circulación en la noche (85%), no uso casco de protección (80%) y circulación en carreteras en mal estado (67%).
Traffic accidents are the tenth cause of death worldwide, producing millions of serious injuries and debilitating fractures, contusions, severe lacerations, internal injuries, cuts, crushing and severe shock that usually require medical treatment and even hospitalization. The overall objective was to design a model of emergency care for injuries motorcycle accident in aimed at patients treated at a health center Caluma. The study was quantitative, retrospective and transversal approach that analyzed the medical records of patients from January 1 to September 30, 2016 the empirical scientific method for obtaining the results was used. Toppling (49%) and collision or shocks (27%) were the main types of traffic accidents motorcycle, while direct trauma (85%) and high-energy trauma (82%) occurred more frequently. The main injuries were galling (65%), the cutting wound (51%) and traumatic brain injury in 33%). The skull (51%), lower extremity (35%), upper extremities (33%) and face (22%) were the most affected body regions. Due to the severity and complexity of the injury, there were 6 patients (11%) died in the health center. The main risk factors associated with motorcycle traffic accidents were: traffic at night (85%), no protective helmet use (80%) and circulation on roads in poor condition (67%).
Traffic accidents are the tenth cause of death worldwide, producing millions of serious injuries and debilitating fractures, contusions, severe lacerations, internal injuries, cuts, crushing and severe shock that usually require medical treatment and even hospitalization. The overall objective was to design a model of emergency care for injuries motorcycle accident in aimed at patients treated at a health center Caluma. The study was quantitative, retrospective and transversal approach that analyzed the medical records of patients from January 1 to September 30, 2016 the empirical scientific method for obtaining the results was used. Toppling (49%) and collision or shocks (27%) were the main types of traffic accidents motorcycle, while direct trauma (85%) and high-energy trauma (82%) occurred more frequently. The main injuries were galling (65%), the cutting wound (51%) and traumatic brain injury in 33%). The skull (51%), lower extremity (35%), upper extremities (33%) and face (22%) were the most affected body regions. Due to the severity and complexity of the injury, there were 6 patients (11%) died in the health center. The main risk factors associated with motorcycle traffic accidents were: traffic at night (85%), no protective helmet use (80%) and circulation on roads in poor condition (67%).
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Accidentes de tránsito, Heridas y traumatismos, Muerte, Estudios retrospectivos, Centro de Salud Caluma, Cantón Caluma, Ecuador