Factores asociados a la mortalidad en traumatismo craneo encefálico grave
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El traumatismo craneoencefálico grave deja repercusiones devastadoras de importancia
mundial, ocasionada mayormente por accidentes de tránsito, del manejo adecuado
dependen las consecuencias existiendo factores asociados que pueden influenciarla, siendo
como objetivo general del análisis de estos factores con respecto a la mortalidad, los
métodos y materiales se incluyeron de manera no aleatoria, retrospectiva para el análisis,
tomando 116 pacientes con diagnóstico de TCE grave atendidos en el área de cuidados
intensivos del hospital Luis Vernaza, del 2015 al 2016, los resultados obtenidos
corresponden al 76% con respecto al resto de TCE con predominio de sexo masculino en
un 85%, la mortalidad global fue del 28%. La edad de los afectados con un promedio de 34
años. Las causas del trauma la mayoría por accidentes de tránsito en especial por
motocicleta en un 49%, las caídas de altura con mayor mortalidad en un 50% ( p 0.006), de
los factores comparados con la mortalidad la principal el Glasgow, el shock , intervención
quirúrgica, tipo de lesión y cambio pupilar son sin duda influencia en esta patología al
verse en este estudio la gran influencia en la mortalidad que incluso se puede considerarlos
como pronósticos, en conclusión el TCE es una patología frecuente, con elevada
mortalidad como causa principal accidentes de tránsito en motocicleta, que concuerdan
con los reportes mundiales, lo que determino como novedad científica es la necesidad de
que los profesionales de salud conozcan y apliquen las guías para manejo del TCE ya que
mejoraría el manejo y por ende disminuiría las complicaciones y mortalidad.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) produces a devastating impact worldwide, mostly caused by motor vehicle accidents. The sequelae depends generally on the proper management and associated factors of TBI that predisposed them. The main aim of this study is to analyze these factors that increase mortality related to TBI. Methods and materials: it is a non randomised and retrospective study, 116 medical records were studied with severe TBI diagnosis that where treated in the ICU at Luis Vernaza Hospital, from 2015 to 2016. Obtained results are: severe TBI corresponds to 76% of all medical records, which in 85% were male, overall mortality 28%; affected average age of 34 years; most frequent causes MVA, specially motorcycles in 49%, falls from height 50% ( p 0.006),; factors compared with increased mortality were GCS, shock, surgical intervention, type of injury and pupillary light reflexes, which can be considered as prognosis for mortality, in conclusion the TCE is a common disease, with high mortality as the main cause traffic accidents motorcycle, consistent with global reports, which determine as scientific novelty is the need for health professionals know and apply the guidelines for management TEC as it would improve the management and therefore decrease complications and mortality.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) produces a devastating impact worldwide, mostly caused by motor vehicle accidents. The sequelae depends generally on the proper management and associated factors of TBI that predisposed them. The main aim of this study is to analyze these factors that increase mortality related to TBI. Methods and materials: it is a non randomised and retrospective study, 116 medical records were studied with severe TBI diagnosis that where treated in the ICU at Luis Vernaza Hospital, from 2015 to 2016. Obtained results are: severe TBI corresponds to 76% of all medical records, which in 85% were male, overall mortality 28%; affected average age of 34 years; most frequent causes MVA, specially motorcycles in 49%, falls from height 50% ( p 0.006),; factors compared with increased mortality were GCS, shock, surgical intervention, type of injury and pupillary light reflexes, which can be considered as prognosis for mortality, in conclusion the TCE is a common disease, with high mortality as the main cause traffic accidents motorcycle, consistent with global reports, which determine as scientific novelty is the need for health professionals know and apply the guidelines for management TEC as it would improve the management and therefore decrease complications and mortality.
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Traumatismos craneocerebrales, Mortalidad, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital Luis Vernaza, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Factores asociados