Implantes subdérmicos, efectos secundarios en adolescentes de 15 a 19 años, plan de orientación
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Los implantes subdermicos han surgido una necesidad en búsqueda del anticonceptivo ideal, que debe tener seguridad reversible, mínimos efectos colaterales, cómodo y de larga duración. Surgió en 1996, contiene un promedio de 70.000 ciclos de 28 días. Es un método único aprobado por la FDA para 3 y de 5 años. Su efectividad es mayor del 99.5%, pero los laboratorios no asumen el 100% de efectividad, lo consideran imposible, lo cierto es que sus efectos secundarios han reducido su aceptación y limitado su uso en los primeros meses en los adolescentes. En el estudio de caso que se realizó en el Centro de Prevención y Cuidado del Adolescente del Cantón Durán, se utilizó la metodología cualitativa, mediante el estudio de caso se analizó las categorías biológicas, educacional, políticosocial y psicológica, para lo cual se utilizó las encuestas con preguntas cerradas, obteniendo como resultados en una muestra de 60 usuarias, que en una mayor proporción presentaron trastornos menstruales como la metrorragia, seguido de esto también presentaron aumento de peso, además efectos androgénicos notorios como el acné y el hirsutismo; mientras que en menor proporción se encontró como efectos secundarios sintomatológico en primer lugar la tensión mamaria, dismenorrea, cefalea, y en un segundo lugar dolor en el sitio de inserción del implante subdérmico, por ultimo náuseas y mareo. En conclusión, el implante subdérmico es un método anticonceptivo de eficacia, cómodo, pero de inestable tolerabilidad en la población estudiada sin diferencias de culturas, ya que las usuarias resaltan enfáticamente sus efectos secundarios, para cual se propone realizar un plan de orientación, mediante el cual la usuaria acuda a la consulta para su proceso de adaptación, mejorar su tolerabilidad y por lo consiguiente evitar su límite de uso.
The subdermal implants have arisen a need to search for the ideal contraceptive, which must be reversible safety, minimal side, comfortable and long-lasting effects. It emerged in 1996, it contains an average of 70,000 cycles of 28 days. It is a unique method approved by the FDA for 3 and 5 years. Its effectiveness is greater than 99.5%, but the laboratories do not assume 100% effective, they consider impossible, the fact is that their side effects have reduced their acceptance and limited its use in early adolescents. qualitative methodology used by the case study of biological, educational, political and social and psychological categorizations in the case study was conducted at the Center for Prevention and Care Adolescent Canton Duran, for which was used the surveys with closed questions, obtaining as results in a sample of 60 users, which presented a greater proportion menstrual disorders such as menorrhagia, this also presented followed by weight gain also notorious androgenic effects such as acne and hirsutism; while lesser extent was found as side effects sintomatológico first breast tenderness, dysmenorrhea, headache, and in a second site pain subdermal implant insertion, nausea and dizziness finally. In conclusion, the subdermal implant is a contraceptive method effective, comfortable but unstable tolerated in the study population without differences of cultures because users strongly emphasize its side effects, for which it intends to undertake a plan of orientation by the concientice which the user to go to the clinic for their adaptation, improving tolerability and so therefore avoid usage limit.
The subdermal implants have arisen a need to search for the ideal contraceptive, which must be reversible safety, minimal side, comfortable and long-lasting effects. It emerged in 1996, it contains an average of 70,000 cycles of 28 days. It is a unique method approved by the FDA for 3 and 5 years. Its effectiveness is greater than 99.5%, but the laboratories do not assume 100% effective, they consider impossible, the fact is that their side effects have reduced their acceptance and limited its use in early adolescents. qualitative methodology used by the case study of biological, educational, political and social and psychological categorizations in the case study was conducted at the Center for Prevention and Care Adolescent Canton Duran, for which was used the surveys with closed questions, obtaining as results in a sample of 60 users, which presented a greater proportion menstrual disorders such as menorrhagia, this also presented followed by weight gain also notorious androgenic effects such as acne and hirsutism; while lesser extent was found as side effects sintomatológico first breast tenderness, dysmenorrhea, headache, and in a second site pain subdermal implant insertion, nausea and dizziness finally. In conclusion, the subdermal implant is a contraceptive method effective, comfortable but unstable tolerated in the study population without differences of cultures because users strongly emphasize its side effects, for which it intends to undertake a plan of orientation by the concientice which the user to go to the clinic for their adaptation, improving tolerability and so therefore avoid usage limit.
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Adolescente, Implante subdérmico, Etonogestrel, Programas de orientación, Centro de Prevención y Cuidado del Adolescente, Cantón Durán, Ecuador