Infección de vías urinarias durante el embarazo: factores de riesgo. Propuesta de guía educativa para su prevención
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Las infecciones del tracto urinario son las complicaciones médicas más frecuentes del embarazo, 7 a 10% de las embarazadas padece alguna infección de vías urinarias, los cambios fisiológicos propios del embarazo predisponen a infecciones del tracto urinario alto y constituyen factores importantes para la alta prevalencia de morbimortalidad materna y perinatal; las infecciones urinarias comprenden bacteriuria asintomática, cistitis y pielonefritis a pesar del desarrollo de nuevos antibióticos potentes la infección de las vías urinarias durante el embarazo sigue asociándose a complicaciones graves tanto maternas como fetales. La presente investigación se enfoca en los hábitos de higiene, alimenticios y de vestir de las mujeres embarazadas que asisten al Hospital de La Libertad en la Provincia de Santa Elena en dónde se evidencia la falta de conocimiento y existencia de costumbres las cuales influyen en la presencia de infecciones urinarias que pueden provocar riesgos en el embarazo de las futuras madres por procesos bacteriológicos intensos. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar los factores de riesgos de infecciones urinarias en embarazadas.Este estudio de casos es relevante puesto que las infecciones urinarias pueden afectar al bebe o incluso en casos más severos provocar un aborto, además de la incomodidad y malestar en la mujer embarazada.
La metodología de investigación es el estudio de caso cualitativa, investigando y conociendo los contextos sociales, culturales, educacionales, biológicos y económicos de las infecciones urinarias en las embarazadas. Los resultados de la investigación fueron que la relación entre infección de vías urinarias y la falta de controles en el embarazoasí como la malnutrición son directamente proporcionales y son los aspectos más significativos en mujeres embarazadas. La propuesta de solución consiste en una guía de medidas preventivas para eliminar o reducir los riesgos en la madre y el feto con el fin de capacitar a las futuras madres y bajar las tasas de morbilidad materna y perinatal en mujeres embarazadas que asisten al Hospital de La Libertad.
The urinary tract infections are the most common medical complications of pregnancy, 7 to 10% of pregnant women suffer a urinary tract infection, proper physiological changes of pregnancy predispose to infections of upper urinary tract and are important factors for the high prevalence of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality; urinary tract infections include asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis and pyelonephritis despite the development of new potent antibiotics infection of the urinary tract during pregnancy is still associated with both maternal and fetal serious complications. This research focuses on hygiene, food and clothing of pregnant women attending the Hospital of La Libertad in the Province of Santa Elena, where the lack of knowledge and existence of customs evidence, which influence the presence of urinary tract infections, which can cause risks in pregnancy expectant mothers by intense bacteriological processes. The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors of urinary tract infections in pregnant women. This case study is relevant because UTIs can affect the baby or even in more severe cases cause an abortion, in addition to the inconvenience and discomfort in pregnant women. The research methodology was qualitative research and knowing the social, cultural, educational, biological and economic contexts of urinary tract infections in pregnant women. The results of the research were that the relationship between urinary tract infections and lack of controls in pregnancy and malnutrition are directly proportional and are the most significant aspects in pregnant women. The proposed solution is a guide preventive measures to eliminate or reduce risk in the mother and fetus in order to enable expectant mothers and lower rates of maternal and perinatal morbidity in pregnant women attending the Hospital of La Libertad.
The urinary tract infections are the most common medical complications of pregnancy, 7 to 10% of pregnant women suffer a urinary tract infection, proper physiological changes of pregnancy predispose to infections of upper urinary tract and are important factors for the high prevalence of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality; urinary tract infections include asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis and pyelonephritis despite the development of new potent antibiotics infection of the urinary tract during pregnancy is still associated with both maternal and fetal serious complications. This research focuses on hygiene, food and clothing of pregnant women attending the Hospital of La Libertad in the Province of Santa Elena, where the lack of knowledge and existence of customs evidence, which influence the presence of urinary tract infections, which can cause risks in pregnancy expectant mothers by intense bacteriological processes. The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors of urinary tract infections in pregnant women. This case study is relevant because UTIs can affect the baby or even in more severe cases cause an abortion, in addition to the inconvenience and discomfort in pregnant women. The research methodology was qualitative research and knowing the social, cultural, educational, biological and economic contexts of urinary tract infections in pregnant women. The results of the research were that the relationship between urinary tract infections and lack of controls in pregnancy and malnutrition are directly proportional and are the most significant aspects in pregnant women. The proposed solution is a guide preventive measures to eliminate or reduce risk in the mother and fetus in order to enable expectant mothers and lower rates of maternal and perinatal morbidity in pregnant women attending the Hospital of La Libertad.
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Embarazo, Infecciones urinarias, Factores de riesgo, Guía educativa, Medicina preventiva, Hospital Básico Rafael Serrano, Cantón La Libertad, Ecuador